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Katherine Jackson

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For other people named Katherine Jackson, see Katherine Jackson (disambiguation).

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Katherine Jackson

Born
Kattie B. Screws
 May 4, 1930 (age 83)
Barbour County, Alabama, U.S.
Religion
Jehovah's Witness
Spouse(s)
Joe Jackson
 (m. 1949)
Children
10, See below
Parents
Martha Bridges (1907–1990)
 Prince Albert Scruse (1907–1997)

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Katherine Esther Jackson (née Scruse; born Kattie B. Screws on May 4, 1930) is the matriarch of the Jackson musical family.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early life
2 The Jackson family
3 My Family
4 Recent years
5 Death of Michael Jackson
6 Children
7 References

Early life[edit source]
Katherine was born Kattie B. Screws in Barbour County, Alabama, to Martha (née Upshaw; December 14, 1907 – April 25, 1990) and Prince Albert Screws (October 16, 1907 – January 21, 1997). When Katherine was four, her father changed his surname to "Scruse", and renamed his daughter to Katherine Esther. The younger of two daughters, Katherine contracted polio at two but survived the disease. Effects of the disease left her with a noticeable permanent limp. At four, Katherine's family moved to Gary, Indiana, a suburb outside Chicago. As a child, Katherine aspired to become a country singer but was dismayed to find that there were no notable black country stars. Katherine's parents divorced when Katherine was still a youngster. In high school, Katherine joined the local high school band. In 1947, Katherine met Joseph Jackson. After a year-long courtship that started after Jackson annulled an early marriage, they married in November 1949. In January 1950, they purchased a two-bedroom house in Gary. During the couple's early years, they sang together with Joe playing guitar. After Joe's dream of a boxing career was dashed, he settled for work at a local steel mill while Katherine gave birth to her ten children. (Marlon's twin brother, Brandon, died shortly after birth).
The Jackson family[edit source]
Main articles: Jackson family and Jackson 5
For a period, to help make ends meet, Katherine worked as a store clerk in a local Sears store. In 1963, Katherine, who was raised a Baptist, discovered the Jehovah's Witness faith. After her conversion in 1965, all of her children followed her into the faith. While Joe Jackson, who was brought up in the Lutheran faith, also practiced the religion, it was often said he decided not to convert. As Katherine's brood grew, she quit her position at Sears and settled primarily as a housewife while keeping her children safe from the streets. By the early 1960s, several of Katherine's sons began to show off their musical talents. In 1963, Joe Jackson formed The Jackson Brothers with three of their eldest sons Jackie, Tito and Jermaine. Around the same time, Katherine's younger son Michael was also showing off his talent, which was discovered first by Katherine, who noticed Michael, at the age of four, singing along to the radio while dancing to the rhythm. But when she tried to tell Joe of Michael's talent, he brushed her aside, though she insisted.
A year later, Joe enlisted Michael and older brother Marlon Jackson into the group not as vocalists, but as backing instrumentalists, playing percussion. It wouldn't be until 1966 that Joe Jackson began to see seven-year-old Michael's overall talents three years after Katherine's discovery. Beforehand, Michael had performed onstage without his father's knowledge at several school recitals starting at five. By the end of 1966, Michael was positioned as the second frontman of the group after Jermaine. Acting on advice from a schoolteacher, Joe changed the group's name to The Jackson Five. In 1967, after winning several talent shows in Gary, Joe Jackson decided to make the group a professional act. It was then that Katherine began designing the group's costumes, which she continued until the group found fame months after signing with Motown Records in 1969. During the Jackson 5's 1970-71 heyday, Katherine - along with her three daughters and youngest son - was barely mentioned in the press. This changed in 1974 when Joe began building careers around his three younger children and eldest daughter. Michael often mentioned Katherine lovingly. Katherine started to become part of her husband's management team when the grown-up members of the group (which renamed themselves The Jacksons after splitting from Motown in 1975) reunited for the Victory Tour in 1984. On his 1982 album, Thriller, Michael Jackson dedicated the album to her. Janet Jackson would do the same following the release of her 1989 album, Rhythm Nation 1814, the first album where she wasn't under the watchful eye of her father following the success of Control, as Janet had fired him months after its release. Michael often said that his mother was appreciative of his solo music and approved of songs such as "Billie Jean" but said she was cautious of Michael's mature material, including "Don't Stop 'til You Get Enough". In 1985, acknowledging what was then a positive impact on her children's successful music careers, national urban magazine Essence honored her as "Mother of the Year".
My Family[edit source]
In 1990, Jackson released her autobiography, My Family,[1] which documented her early years and her relationship with her husband and their children, eight of whom wrote salutes to their mother in the book's foreword.[1] She detailed that her husband on more than a few occasions had committed adultery, one of which resulted in the birth of a daughter named Joh'Vonnie Jackson with another woman named Cheryl Terrell on August 30, 1974.[1]
In an unauthorized biography of Janet Jackson, a confrontational family incident was described. This biography claims that, in 1979, Jackson and her two youngest children, Randy and Janet, confronted a woman who worked for Joseph's company, whom Katherine had often reportedly accused of cheating with Joseph. That incident was re-dramatized for the 1992 miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream. However in the miniseries, Katherine was shown confronting Joseph instead of the woman about the alleged incident.
In the late 1980s, Katherine began experiencing an estrangement with her daughter La Toya after she was being managed by Jack Gordon. In her 1991 memoirs, La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family, La Toya alleged that Katherine was emotionally abusive, charges Katherine denied to the press and blamed Gordon, who married La Toya in 1989, for "brainwashing" her. In 1997, La Toya and Katherine reconciled after she filed for divorce from Gordon.
Katherine Jackson was portrayed by Angela Bassett in the 1992 miniseries The Jacksons: An American Dream. Patricia Idlette portrayed her in the 2004 film Man in the Mirror: The Michael Jackson Story.
Recent years[edit source]
Jackson has spent the last couple of decades talking to the press defending her children, mainly Michael, who began to gain notoriety for his eccentricities. In a recent interview promoting her Michael Jackson Story Book/DVD on The Oprah Winfrey Show, however, Jackson acknowledged that Michael was addicted to plastic surgery and also got her husband to admit to physically disciplining their children.[2] Over the years, it had been acknowledged by some that Joe Jackson was abusive towards his children, which he has continually denied despite admissions by both La Toya and Michael.[citation needed] Jackson splits her time between Las Vegas and her Hayvenhurst home in Encino. She is estranged from Joe Jackson, although still married to him, and the two are almost always interviewed together, sometimes with or without their children.[citation needed]
Death of Michael Jackson[edit source]
On June 25, 2009, Michael Jackson died after suffering a drug induced cardiac arrest. Katherine Jackson, along with the rest of the family, attended his memorial which was held on July 7, 2009. On June 29, 2009, Katherine was granted temporary guardianship of Michael's three children.[3] Court documents indicated that she was also seeking control over the three children's interests in their late father's estate.[3] Although Debbie Rowe, the biological mother of the two eldest children and Michael's second wife, had not seen or interacted with the children for years, as of July 4, 2009, she petitioned the courts for custody of her children. As of July 30, 2009, Jackson and Debbie Rowe reached a settlement pertaining to the care of Michael's three children, Prince Michael I ("Prince"), Paris Katherine and Prince Michael II, ("Blanket"), will be raised by Katherine; Rowe will have visitation rights and continue to receive the yearly payments to which Michael had agreed.
On August 3, 2009, the judge named Katherine Jackson as the children's permanent guardian. On July 25, 2012, Katherine's guardianship of the children was suspended by the court amid allegations that she may have been held against her will by several Jackson family members as a result of a financial dispute between those family members and the Michael Jackson Estate.[4] Guardianship of the children has been temporarily given to Michael Jackson’s nephew TJ Jackson, one of Tito's sons.[5]
Children[edit source]

Portal icon The Jackson Family portal
Nine children were born to Katherine and Joe Jackson.[1]
Maureen Reillette "Rebbie" Jackson (born May 29, 1950)
Sigmund Esco "Jackie" Jackson (born May 4, 1951)
Toriano Adaryll "Tito" Jackson (born October 15, 1953)
Jermaine LaJuane Jackson (born December 11, 1954)
La Toya Yvonne Jackson (born May 29, 1956)
Marlon David Jackson (born March 12, 1957)
Michael Joseph Jackson (August 29, 1958 - June 25, 2009)
Steven Randall "Randy" Jackson (born October 29, 1961)
Janet Damita Jo Jackson (born May 16, 1966)
References[edit source]
1.^ a b c d Jackson, Katherine; Rich Wiseman (1990). My Family, the Jacksons. St. Martin's Paperbacks. ISBN 0-312-92350-3.
2.^ Gina Serpe (Mon., Nov. 8, 2010 11:00 am PST). "Michael Jackson's Kids, Parents Join Oprah: Talk Plastic Surgery, Beatings and…French Toast?". eonline.com. 
3.^ a b Daily Mail Reporter (2009-06-29). "Michael Jackson's mother wins temporary custody of his three children". The Daily Mail. Retrieved 2009-06-29.
4.^ "Katherine Jackson loses custody of MJ’s kids". 26 July 2012.
5.^ "Judge suspends Katherine Jackson as guardian of Michael Jackson's children". CNN News. 2012-07-25. Retrieved 2012-07-25.

[hide]
v·
 t·
 e
 
Jackson family

 
Parents
Joe Jackson: 1928·
 Katherine Jackson: 1930
 
 
Children
Maureen Reillette (Rebbie): 1950·
 Sigmund Esco (Jackie): 1951·
 Toriano Adaryll (Tito): 1953·
 Jermaine La Jaune: 1954·
 La Toya Yvonne: 1956·
 Marlon David: 1957·
 Michael Joseph: 1958–2009·
 Steven Randall (Randy): 1961·
 Janet Damita Jo: 1966
 
 
Musical groups
The Jackson 5/The Jacksons·
 3T
 
 
Television
The Jacksons·
 The Jacksons: An American Dream·
 The Jackson Family Honors·
 The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty
 
 
Portal The Jackson Family portal

 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Categories: 1930 births
American autobiographers
American Jehovah's Witnesses
Jackson musical family
Living people
People from Barbour County, Alabama
People from East Chicago, Indiana
People from Gary, Indiana
African-American people
African-American Christians
Michael Jackson






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Don Alden Adams

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Don A. Adams
DonAdams 200907.png
Born
1925 (age 87–88)
Oak Park, Illinois
Occupation
President of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
Religion
Jehovah's Witnesses
Part of a series on
Jehovah's Witnesses

Overview

Organizational structure
Governing Body
Watch Tower Bible
 and Tract Society
Corporations
 
History
Bible Student movement
Leadership dispute
Splinter groups
Doctrinal development
Unfulfilled predicitions
 
Demographics
By country
 

Beliefs·
 Practices
 
Salvation·
 Eschatology

The 144,000
Faithful and discreet slave
Hymns·
 God's name
 
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Literature

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 Awake!

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Teaching programs

Kingdom Hall·
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People

Watch Tower presidents

W. H. Conley·
 C. T. Russell
 
J. F. Rutherford·
 N. H. Knorr
 
F. W. Franz·
 M. G. Henschel

D. A. Adams
 
Formative influences

William Miller·
 Henry Grew
 
George Storrs·
 N. H. Barbour

 
Notable former members

Raymond Franz·
 Olin Moyle

 
Opposition

Criticism·
 Persecution
 
Supreme Court cases
 by country
 
v·
 t·
 e
   
Don Alden Adams is the current president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania,[1][2] the principal corporation of Jehovah's Witnesses.
Biography[edit]
Born in about 1925 in Oak Park, Illinois,[3] U.S., Adams grew up in a big family, which originally had connections to the Episcopal church. His mother showed interest in Jehovah's Witnesses and gradually the children also became interested. His father initially showed no interest, but involved himself in a legal case when one of Don's younger brothers was not exempted from military service; he eventually became a baptized Witness.[4][5]
After serving as a full-time preacher, Adams was invited in late 1944 to serve at the world headquarters of Jehovah's Witnesses in Brooklyn, New York,[6][7][8][9] where he was secretary to Society president, Nathan H. Knorr. By the 1960s, Adams served directly under the Governing Body as a zone overseer, visiting various countries to audit branch offices and meet with Witness missionaries.[10][11] Later, Adams directed world missionary activities,[12] and served on the "Bethel Home Committee".[13]
In 2000, the New York Daily News described Adams as "a longtime insider...at the world headquarters in Brooklyn Heights".[3] The Washington Post described Adams as "a 50-year veteran of the organization,"[14] which has been restated in subsequent publications.[15][16]
Watch Tower presidency[edit]
Adams became president of the Watch Tower Society after Governing Body member Milton G. Henschel stepped down from the position in 2000.[17][18] In that year, members of the Governing Body resigned from their executive positions of the corporations of Jehovah's Witnesses, although the periodical Christianity Today reported that the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses would continue its "oversight" role.[19][20]
Adams' presidency is administrative, and he is not considered to have impacted the organization's ministry as have past Watch Tower Society presidents.[21] Adams' brother Joel C. Adams[22] is a vice-president of Christian Congregation of Jehovah's Witnesses, Inc., a related corporation.[23]
References[edit]
1.^ The World Almanac and Book of Facts, Volume 2003 by World Almanac Education Group, Inc., 2003, Press Pub. Co. (The New York World)
2.^ Yearbook of American & Canadian Churches 2009, Volume 2009 by Eileen W. Lindner, Abingdon Press, 2009, page 131
3.^ a b "Changing the Watch At the Watchtower" by Charles W. Bell, New York Daily News, October 14, 2000, page 24
4.^ Historical Dictionary of Jehovah's Witnesses by George D. Chryssides, ©2008, Rowman & Littlefield, page 5, "[Don Adams'] father, William Karl Adams, was baptized in 1952."
5.^ "Seeking First the Kingdom—A Secure and Happy Life", The Watchtower, March 1, 2003, pages 29
6.^ The Watchtower, June 1, 1985, page 28
7.^ The Watchtower, December 15, 2000
8.^ The Watchtower, April 1, 1957, page 200
9.^ The Watchtower, March 1, 2003, page 23, "Seeking First the Kingdom—A Secure and Happy Life"
10.^ "Ivory Coast", 1981 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, page 174
11.^ The King's Highway: El Cannino Real : God's Highway to Peace and Happiness by Kenneth R. Guindon, ©1996, Ignatius Press, page 89
12.^ "Changing the Watch At the Watchtower" by Charles W. Bell, New York Daily News, October 14, 2000, page 24, "Among his previous assignments, Adams...directed world missionary activities"
13.^ "New Missionaries Urged: “Stay Loyal!”", The Watchtower, November 15, 1982, page 27
14.^ "Jehovah's Witnesses Order Shake-Up" by Richard N. Ostling, The Washington Post, October 9, 2000, As Retrieved 2009-09-01
15.^ The Challenge of the Cults and New Religions by Ron Rhodes, Zondervan, 2001, page 85-86
16.^ A Guide to New Religious Movements by Ronald M. Enroth, InterVarsity Press, 2005, page 31
17.^ "Jehovah's Witnesses Order Changes at Top", Grand Rapid Press, Grand Rapids, Michigan, October 14, 2000, page B5
18.^ "New Leadership Structure for Jehovah's Witnesses", Deseret News, Salt Lake City, Utah, October 10, 2000, page A02
19.^ Christianity Today, March 5, 2001, As Retrieved 2009-09-01
20.^ "Jehovah's Witnesses Order Shake-Up" by Richard N. Ostling, The Washington Post, October 9, 2000, As Retrieved 2009-09-01, "The Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, as the group is officially known, had been run by a so-called Governing Body. Now, religious and administrative duties will be divided, with three newly formed corporations running the group's U.S. operations. President Milton Henschel, 80, and the group's six other board members resigned their posts on Saturday. ... Don Adams, a 50-year veteran of the organization, has been named president of the organization, and seven lower-ranking members will make up the new board. Henschel will remain a member of the Governing Body."
21.^ A Humble Defense: Evidence for the Christian Faith by Mark E. Moore, Mark Scott, ©2004, College Press, page 247, "Joseph F. Rutherford ... outdid Russell in writing numerous books, but his greatest strength was in the area of organization. ... During Knorr's presidency, membership grew to well over two million. ... Jehovah's Witnesses experienced some serious crises during the presidency of Frederick Franz. ... Milton Henschel served only eight years. The organization experienced a time of great restructuring. ... Don Adams, the present president, has not had enough time to impact the Society's ministry."
22.^ "Seeking First the Kingdom—A Secure and Happy Life", The Watchtower, March 1, 2003, page 23
23.^ Dun&Bradstreet Corporate Reports, 2011, Retrieved 2012-03-23, (site subscription required)
Preceded by
Milton G. Henschel President of Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
 October 7, 2000 Succeeded by
Incumbent


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Hayden C. Covington

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 
Jump to: navigation, search

Part of a series on
Jehovah's Witnesses

Overview

Organizational structure
Governing Body
Watch Tower Bible
 and Tract Society
Corporations
 
History
Bible Student movement
Leadership dispute
Splinter groups
Doctrinal development
Unfulfilled predicitions
 
Demographics
By country
 

Beliefs·
 Practices
 
Salvation·
 Eschatology

The 144,000
Faithful and discreet slave
Hymns·
 God's name
 
Blood·
 Discipline

 
Literature

The Watchtower·
 Awake!

New World Translation
List of publications
Bibliography
 
Teaching programs

Kingdom Hall·
 Gilead School

 
People

Watch Tower presidents

W. H. Conley·
 C. T. Russell
 
J. F. Rutherford·
 N. H. Knorr
 
F. W. Franz·
 M. G. Henschel

D. A. Adams
 
Formative influences

William Miller·
 Henry Grew
 
George Storrs·
 N. H. Barbour

 
Notable former members

Raymond Franz·
 Olin Moyle

 
Opposition

Criticism·
 Persecution
 
Supreme Court cases
 by country
 
v·
 t·
 e
   
Hayden Cooper Covington (January 19, 1911 – November 21, 1978) was legal counsel for the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society during one of its most difficult periods in the mid-20th century. Hayden Covington has a record 37 victories in the United States Supreme Court, the most since the Judiciary Act of 1869 which fixed the Supreme Court of the United States to 9 Justices. He argued numerous cases before the United States Supreme Court on behalf of Jehovah’s Witnesses in defense of their religious freedoms, winning most of them. In 1967, he famously defended then world heavyweight champion Muhammad Ali in his legal battle against the draft during the Vietnam War.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early life
2 Jehovah's Witnesses 2.1 Cases argued before the Supreme Court
2.2 Meeting with U.S. President Harry Truman
3 Defense of Muhammad Ali
4 See also
5 Sources
6 References
7 External links


Early life[edit]
Covington was born in East Texas, and reared on a farm near Dallas, Texas. His father was a Texas Ranger.
An able student, Covington worked his way through law school in San Antonio, successfully passing the Texas bar exam, with an impressively high score, one year before graduation. He was admitted to the Texas Bar in 1933.
Jehovah's Witnesses[edit]
Covington was attracted to the teachings of Jehovah's Witnesses and impressed by the dedication and character of the members, defending several of them in Texas courts prior to formally joining the group himself. His first exposure to their teachings was through listening to the broadcast sermons of Watch Tower Society President Joseph F. Rutherford on radio station KTSA in San Antonio.
Word of Covington's successes in defending the Witnesses reached the New York headquarters of Jehovah's Witnesses, and he was asked by President Rutherford to join him in representing the Society on a case before the U.S. Supreme Court. He was then invited to join headquarters staff as general counsel in 1939, succeeding Olin R. Moyle.
“ I suppose [Connecticut householders] had some right of religious freedom themselves, did they not? I suppose they have the right to be left alone and not to be attacked with these scurrilous denunciations of their most cherished faith. What have you to say to that? ”
—United States Supreme Court
Chief Justice Charles Evans Hughes,
 Oral arguments, Cantwell v. Connecticut, (1940)
 


I say we are right !
Hayden C. Covington
 Jehovah's Witness and attorney for Cantwell
Cantwell v. Connecticut, (1940)
When "Judge" Rutherford died in January 1942, his aggressive litigation policy was carried on by Covington. Honoring Rutherford's deathbed wishes, Hayden Covington was even elected Vice-President of the Watch Tower Society succeeding the newly elected President, Nathan H. Knorr, despite having been a Jehovah's Witnesses for only five years. Throughout most of its history, appointment to the board of directors of the Watch Tower Society, and thus by implication to the "Governing Body" of Jehovah's Witnesses, has been limited to those professing to be of the "anointed class" within the group; the "spirit begotten" sons of God who would "rule as Kings" in heaven with Christ. To date, the one exception has been Hayden C. Covington.[1] A subsequent policy change resulted in Covington's resignation from the Vice Presidency and departure from the board in 1945, although remaining on staff as legal counsel.[2][3]
In the following years, Hayden Covington came to be hailed as one of the greatest civil liberties attorneys in American history. During his tenure as the head of the Watch Tower Society's Legal Department, Covington is said to have presented 111 petitions and appeals to the Supreme Court; he won well above 80% of the 44 cases he brought before the Court. The cases dealt with issues ranging from compulsory flag-salute statutes, to street preaching, to door-to-door literature distribution. He eventually resigned as Head of the Watch Tower Society's Legal Department.
Cases argued before the Supreme Court[edit]
Cantwell v. Connecticut, 310 U.S. 296 (1940)
Cox v. New Hampshire, 312 U.S. 569 (1941)
Chaplinsky v. New Hampshire, 315 U.S. 568 (1942)
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette, 319 U.S. 624 (1943)
Jones v. City of Opelika, 319 U.S. 103 (1943)
Martin v. City of Struthers, 319 U.S. 141(1943)
Jamison v. State of Texas, 318 U.S. 413 (1943)
Murdock v. Pennsylvania, 319 U.S. 105 (1943)
Taylor v. State of Mississippi, 319 U.S. 583 (1943)
Largent v. Texas, 318 U.S. 418 (1943)
Follett v. Town of McCormick, 321 U.S. 573 (1944)
Marsh v. Alabama, 326 U.S. 501 (1946)
Tucker v. Texas, 326 U.S. 517 (1946)
Saia v. New York, 334 U.S. 558 (1948)
Niemotko v. Maryland, 340 U.S. 268 (1951)
Fowler v. Rhode Island, 345 U.S. 67 (1953)
Poulos v. New Hampshire, 345 U.S. 395 (1953)
Meeting with U.S. President Harry Truman[edit]
In its chapter on Covington, Great American lawyers: An Encyclopedia relates:

Covington reported one meeting in which he and Knorr met with President Harry Truman about a pardon for a Witness who had been convicted of evading the draft. Covington claimed that Truman cursed and claimed to have no use "for that SOB who didn't want to die for his country in time of war."[4]
That meeting apparently occurred on Friday, September 6, 1946. President Truman eventually did pardon 136 Jehovah's Witnesses who had been convicted in draft cases.[5] Later, on October 12, 1951, Truman reportedly accepted the offered Jehovah's Witnesses publication What Has Religion Done for Mankind?.[6]
Defense of Muhammad Ali[edit]
Later in his career, in 1966 and 1967, Covington assisted prize-fighter Muhammad Ali in obtaining a draft exemption as a Muslim minister. What may have brought him to the attention of Muhammad Ali was his extensive experience with the U.S. Selective Service System and draft boards across the nation, where he had realized many successes while representing Jehovah's Witnesses. Covington sued Ali to recover $247,000 in legal fees.[7]
See also[edit]

Portal icon Biography portal
United States Supreme Court cases involving Jehovah's Witnesses
Sources[edit]
'Faith On The March'. A.H. Macmillan, Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1957.
References[edit]
1.^ "How the Governing Body Differs From a Legal Corporation", The Watchtower, January 15, 2001, page 28, "ANNUAL meetings of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania have been held since January of 1885. When the ingathering of anointed Christians was underway in the late 19th century, the directors and officers of this corporation had the heavenly hope. In fact, this has almost always been the case. There was one exception. In 1940, Hayden C. Covington—then the Society’s legal counsel and one of the “other sheep,” with the earthly hope—was elected a director of the Society. (John 10:16) He served as the Society’s vice president from 1942 to 1945. At that time, Brother Covington stepped aside as a director to comply with what then seemed to be Jehovah’s will—that all directors and officers of the Pennsylvania corporation be anointed Christians. Lyman A. Swingle replaced Hayden C. Covington on the board of directors, and Frederick W. Franz was elected vice president. Why did Jehovah’s servants believe that all the directors and officers of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania should be anointed Christians? Because at the time, the board of directors and officers of the Pennsylvania corporation were closely identified with the Governing Body of Jehovah’s Witnesses, which has always been made up entirely of spirit-anointed men.
2.^ "Education for the Theocratic Ministry Advanced", The Watchtower, November 1, 1955, page 650, "On September 24, 1945, H. C. Covington graciously declined to serve further as a member of the board of directors and as vice-president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, not as an evasion of responsibilities, but rather as an effort to comply with what appeared to be the Lord’s will for all the members of the directorate and the officers to be of the anointed ones [with a heavenly hope], since his hope was [earthly as] that of one of the “other sheep.” ...Covington has continued to head the Society’s legal department"
3.^ "Declaring the Good News Without Letup (1942-1975)", Jehovah's Witnesses - Proclaimers of God's Kingdom, page 91, "In September 1945, Brother Covington graciously declined to serve further as vice president of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society (of Pennsylvania), explaining that he wished to comply with what was then understood to be Jehovah’s will for all members of the directorate and officers—that they be spirit-anointed Christians, whereas he professed to be one of the “other sheep.”
4.^ "Covington, Hayden C." by John R. Vile, Great American Lawyers: An Encyclopedia, Volume 1, page 138
5.^ "United States of America", 1975 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, page 207, "Friday, September 6, 1946, ...Truman listened intently as the Society’s lawyer [apparently Covington] developed the features of the resolution to the point where executive clemency was requested. Then, he recalls, “Truman broke in with a flare of emotion and said: ‘I don’t have any use for a S—O—B that won’t fight for his country...” ...the president thereafter gave his attention to the Society’s attorney “as he concluded the request for the release of Jehovah’s witnesses being held in prison under the Selective Service Act. Truman then said that he would discuss it with the Attorney General.” In time, President Truman appointed his Amnesty Board. They reviewed thousands of court records and draft board files, recommending some pardons. But on December 23, 1947, Truman pardoned only 136 Witnesses"
6.^ "Climax of Clean Worship Assemblies at Washington", The Watchtower, March 15, 1952, page 187
7.^ Muhammad Ali: A Biography by Anthony O. Edmonds, Greenwood Publishing Group, 2006, page 86
External links[edit]
"Moments In Time: Muhammed Ali". The Courier-Journal. 2004.[dead link]


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Categories: American Jehovah's Witnesses
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Frederick William Franz

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Frederick William Franz
FrederickWilliamFranz-atBrooklynBethel.png
Frederick William Franz
 
Born
12 September 1893
Covington, Kentucky
Died
22 December 1992 (aged 99).
Brooklyn, New York
Religion
Jehovah's Witnesses
Part of a series on
Jehovah's Witnesses

Overview

Organizational structure
Governing Body
Watch Tower Bible
 and Tract Society
Corporations
 
History
Bible Student movement
Leadership dispute
Splinter groups
Doctrinal development
Unfulfilled predicitions
 
Demographics
By country
 

Beliefs·
 Practices
 
Salvation·
 Eschatology

The 144,000
Faithful and discreet slave
Hymns·
 God's name
 
Blood·
 Discipline

 
Literature

The Watchtower·
 Awake!

New World Translation
List of publications
Bibliography
 
Teaching programs

Kingdom Hall·
 Gilead School

 
People

Watch Tower presidents

W. H. Conley·
 C. T. Russell
 
J. F. Rutherford·
 N. H. Knorr
 
F. W. Franz·
 M. G. Henschel

D. A. Adams
 
Formative influences

William Miller·
 Henry Grew
 
George Storrs·
 N. H. Barbour

 
Notable former members

Raymond Franz·
 Olin Moyle

 
Opposition

Criticism·
 Persecution
 
Supreme Court cases
 by country
 
v·
 t·
 e
   
Frederick William Franz (September 12, 1893 – December 22, 1992) served as President of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, the legal entity used to direct the work of Jehovah's Witnesses. He had previously served as Vice President of the same corporation from 1945 until 1977 and as a member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses before replacing Nathan H. Knorr as president in June 1977.[1]
Biography[edit]
Franz was born on September 12, 1893 in Covington, Kentucky. He was baptized in the Lutheran Church, but attended Catholic services as a child as a matter of convenience, before later attending the Presbyterian Church.[2] He graduated from Woodward High School in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1911 and attended the University of Cincinnati where he studied liberal arts and later (for two years) Biblical Greek,[1][3] with the intention of becoming a Presbyterian preacher.[2] He learned German and could read Latin and Greek and in later years learned Spanish, Portuguese and French and a basic understanding of Hebrew.[3] His association with the Bible Students began after he read some of the literature of Charles Taze Russell. He was baptized as a Bible Student on either November 30, 1913,[4] or, according to Franz, April 5, 1914.[5]
In 1920 he joined the Watch Tower headquarters staff in Brooklyn, New York[2] and in 1926 became a member of the editorial staff as a Bible researcher and writer for the Society’s publications. Upon the death of Watch Tower president Joseph Rutherford, Franz became head of the editorial department, and in 1945 he replaced Hayden C. Covington as vice-president of the Watch Tower Society.[6] Franz was the Society's leading theologian[7] and has been named as a leading figure in the preparation of the Witnesses' New World Translation of the Bible.[8][9] His nephew and fellow Governing Body member Raymond Franz resigned from the Governing Body and was subsequently disfellowshipped in 1982 during F.W. Franz's presidency.[10]
Franz died in Brooklyn, New York in 1992 at the age of 99[11] and was succeeded as president by Milton G. Henschel.
References[edit]
1.^ a b Jehovah's Witnesses - Proclaimers of God's Kingdom, Watch Tower Bible & Tract Society, 1993, page 111.
2.^ a b c "Looking Back Over 93 Years of Living", The Watchtower, May 1, 1987, page 22-30.
3.^ a b Penton, M. James (1997, 2nd ed.). Apocalypse Delayed: The Story of Jehovah's Witnesses. University of Toronto Press. p. 174. ISBN 0-8020-7973-3.
4.^ "Rewarded With the Crown of Life", The Watchtower, March 15, 1993, page 31, 32.
5.^ "Looking Back Over 93 Years of Living", The Watchtower", May 1, 1987, page 25
6.^ Walsh vs Honorable James Latham, Court of Session Scotland, 1954, examination of Frederick Franz pp. 5-6
7.^ Rogerson, Alan (1969). Millions Now Living Will Never Die: A Study of Jehovah's Witnesses. Constable & Co, London. p. 66. ISBN 009-455940-6.
8.^ Michael Marlowe editor, The New World Translation, published online by Bible Research
9.^ Wills, Tony (2006), A People For His Name, Lulu Enterprises, p. 253, ISBN 978-1-4303-0100-4
10.^ Witness Under Prosecution, Time Magazine, February 22, 1982
11.^ New York Times, December 24, 1992.
Preceded by
Nathan H. Knorr President of Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
 June 22, 1977-December 22, 1992 Succeeded by
Milton G. Henschel


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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American Jehovah's Witnesses



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Nathan Homer Knorr

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Nathan Homer Knorr
NathanHomerKnorr-WTPres.png
Nathan Homer Knorr
 
Born
23 April 1905
Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
Died
8 June 1977 (aged 72)
Wallkill, New York
Religion
Jehovah's Witnesses
Part of a series on
Jehovah's Witnesses

Overview

Organizational structure
Governing Body
Watch Tower Bible
 and Tract Society
Corporations
 
History
Bible Student movement
Leadership dispute
Splinter groups
Doctrinal development
Unfulfilled predicitions
 
Demographics
By country
 

Beliefs·
 Practices
 
Salvation·
 Eschatology

The 144,000
Faithful and discreet slave
Hymns·
 God's name
 
Blood·
 Discipline

 
Literature

The Watchtower·
 Awake!

New World Translation
List of publications
Bibliography
 
Teaching programs

Kingdom Hall·
 Gilead School

 
People

Watch Tower presidents

W. H. Conley·
 C. T. Russell
 
J. F. Rutherford·
 N. H. Knorr
 
F. W. Franz·
 M. G. Henschel

D. A. Adams
 
Formative influences

William Miller·
 Henry Grew
 
George Storrs·
 N. H. Barbour

 
Notable former members

Raymond Franz·
 Olin Moyle

 
Opposition

Criticism·
 Persecution
 
Supreme Court cases
 by country
 
v·
 t·
 e
   
Nathan Homer Knorr (April 23, 1905 - June 8, 1977) was the third president of the incorporated Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society,[1] becoming so on January 13, 1942, replacing Joseph Franklin Rutherford, who had served in the position since 1916.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Life
2 Contribution to Jehovah's Witnesses
3 Organizational adjustments
4 Publications
5 See also
6 Sources
7 References

Life[edit]
Nathan Knorr was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He began to show interest in the International Bible Students at age 16. He left the Reformed Church in 1922 and was baptized on July 4, 1923 as a Bible Student following a baptism talk by Frederick W. Franz, with whom Knorr became close friends. Knorr became a volunteer at the Watch Tower headquarters in Brooklyn on September 6, 1923, and became its factory manager in September 1932. On January 11, 1934, at age 28, Knorr was elected director of the Peoples Pulpit Association (now Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.), and was made its vice president the following year. In January 1942, Knorr became president of International Bible Students Association and the corporations now known as Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania, and Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York.[2] Knorr was married to Audrey Mock in 1953.
He died from a cerebral tumor June 8, 1977 while receiving hospice care at an extension of world headquarters, quieter Watchtower Farms in Wallkill, New York.[3]
Contribution to Jehovah's Witnesses[edit]
Knorr contributed significantly to Jehovah's Witnesses, with an intense educational focus. Within a month of his taking office, arrangements were made for an Advanced Course in Theocratic Ministry, a school that featured Bible research and public speaking. On September 24, 1942, Knorr suggested that the Society establish another school to train missionaries for service in foreign countries. The suggestion was unanimously approved by the board of directors. The first class of the Gilead School - the name given to this missionary school - commenced February 1, 1943.
Knorr arranged for the creation of new branch offices in many countries. In 1942, when he became president, there were 25 branch offices worldwide. By 1946, despite the events of World War II, the number of branch offices increased to 57. Over the next 30 years, the number of branch offices increased to 97.
The doctrine of not accepting blood transfusions was also introduced during Knorr's leadership.
Organizational adjustments[edit]
From October 1, 1972, adjustments began in the oversight of the congregations of Jehovah's Witnesses. The writing of Aid to Bible Understanding led to a new understanding of the Bible's mention of elders and "older men" and seems to have been the catalyst for the religion to adjust its organizational structure.(Franz 21-22) A revision to the Watchtower Society's organizational manual in 1972 explains, "it is noteworthy that the Bible does not say that there was only one 'older man', one overseer, in each congregation. Rather, it indicates that there were a number of such."[4] There would no longer be one congregation servant, or overseer, but a body of elders and ministerial servants. One elder would be designated chairman, but all the elders would have equal authority and share the responsibility for making decisions.
Later, the chairmanship of the Governing Body would also be affected, rotating in alphabetical order. In December 1975, leadership of Jehovah's Witnesses passed from the president of the Watch Tower Society to the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses. Beginning January 1, 1976 the Governing Body formed several committees to oversee publishing, writing, teaching, service and personnel. Knorr worked with the new arrangement until illness shortly before his death forced his move from the world headquarters in Brooklyn, New York. Following Knorr's death in June 1977, Frederick W. Franz succeeded him as corporation president.
Publications[edit]
Some of the publications used by Jehovah's Witnesses which were released during Knorr's stewardship were:
Equipped For Every Good Work
Let God Be True
Make Sure Of All Things
From Paradise Lost to Paradise Regained
Awake! magazine, which replaced Consolation
All Scripture Is Inspired Of God And Beneficial
New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures.
See also[edit]
Jehovah's Witnesses publications
Organizational structure of Jehovah's Witnesses
List of Watch Tower Society publications
Sources[edit]
Jehovah's Witnesses - Proclaimers of God's Kingdom (Watchtower), pages (96, 98, 101, 592)
Organization for Kingdom-Preaching and Disciple-Making, Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
References[edit]
1.^ William Henry Conley served as president for almost four years before the Society's legal incorporation in 1884. See Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania#Presidents
2.^ Jehovah's Witnesses - Proclaimers of God's Kingdom. p. 91.
3.^ "Watching the World", Awake!, August 22, 1977, page 29, "On June 8, 1977
4.^ Organized to do Jehovah's Will, Watchtower Bible and Tracy Society, page 53
Preceded by
Joseph F. Rutherford President of Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
 January 13, 1942-June 8, 1977 Succeeded by
Frederick W. Franz


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Categories: Watch Tower Society presidents
People from Bethlehem, Pennsylvania
American Jehovah's Witnesses
Members of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses
1905 births
1977 deaths



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Fred Heron

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Fred Heron
DT/DE

Personal information

Date of birth:  October 6, 1944 (age 68)
Place of birth: Stockton, California
Date of death: December 28, 2010

Career information

College: San José State University
NFL Draft: 1966 / Round: 3 / Pick: 45
Debuted in 1966
Last played in 1972

Career history

St. Louis Cardinals (1966–1972)
 

Career NFL statistics
 
Games played 79
Games started 0
Fumble recoveries 1
Stats at NFL.com
 
Frederick Roger Heron (October 6, 1944 – December 28, 2010)[1] was a professional American football defensive lineman in the National Football League. He played seven seasons for the St. Louis Cardinals.
Heron was drafted by the Green Bay Packers in the third round of the 1966 college draft, and Vince Lombardi traded him as a replacement for a lineman in the St. Louis Cardinals who had been forced to retire due to a heart murmur. [2]
He suffered a back injury in a game in 1969 that led to an operation in April 1970, but resulted in ongoing pain for some time.[2] By the end of his time with the Cardinals, he had become bothered by the violence of the sport, and in one interview stated "I watched the quarterback on the ground in obvious pain. I suddenly thought to myself, "Have I turned into some kind of animal? This is a game, but I’m trying to maim somebody.'"[3] He and his wife Betty studied the Bible with Jehovah's Witnesses and were both baptized as Witnesses in February 1972. The Cardinals released him from his contract after his back injuries led to another surgery in October 1972.[2] After Heron's retirement from football he went on to work as the campus security assistant at Rio Calaveras Elementary School in his hometown of Stockton, California.[4]
He died on December 28, 2010.[1]
Notes[edit]
1.^ a b "Fred Heron (obituary)". Retrieved 11 January 2011.
2.^ a b c "Something Better than Big-Time Football," Awake! September 22, 1975, pp. 18-21
3.^ "Problems With Sports Today," Awake! August 22, 1991, p. 6
4.^ "Board Recognitions September 2010". Retrieved from http://www.stockton.k12.ca.us/susdweb/boe/recognitions/recognitions910.htm.


 
 
 
 
 
 
 


Stub icon This biographical article relating to an American football defensive lineman born in the 1940s is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it.
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Categories: 1944 births
People from Stockton, California
Players of American football from California
American football defensive ends
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American football defensive lineman, 1940s birth stubs

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Milton George Henschel

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Milton George Henschel
MiltonGeorgeHenschel.png
Milton George Henschel
 
Born
9 August 1920
Pomona, New Jersey
Died
22 March 2003 (aged 82)
Brooklyn, New York
Religion
Jehovah's Witnesses
Spouse(s)
Lucille Henschel

Question book-new.svg
 This article relies largely or entirely upon a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. (September 2009) 
Part of a series on
Jehovah's Witnesses

Overview

Organizational structure
Governing Body
Watch Tower Bible
 and Tract Society
Corporations
 
History
Bible Student movement
Leadership dispute
Splinter groups
Doctrinal development
Unfulfilled predicitions
 
Demographics
By country
 

Beliefs·
 Practices
 
Salvation·
 Eschatology

The 144,000
Faithful and discreet slave
Hymns·
 God's name
 
Blood·
 Discipline

 
Literature

The Watchtower·
 Awake!

New World Translation
List of publications
Bibliography
 
Teaching programs

Kingdom Hall·
 Gilead School

 
People

Watch Tower presidents

W. H. Conley·
 C. T. Russell
 
J. F. Rutherford·
 N. H. Knorr
 
F. W. Franz·
 M. G. Henschel

D. A. Adams
 
Formative influences

William Miller·
 Henry Grew
 
George Storrs·
 N. H. Barbour

 
Notable former members

Raymond Franz·
 Olin Moyle

 
Opposition

Criticism·
 Persecution
 
Supreme Court cases
 by country
 
v·
 t·
 e
   
Milton George Henschel (August 9, 1920 - March 22, 2003) was a member of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses and succeeded Frederick W. Franz as president of the Watch Tower Society in 1992.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Personal life
2 Professional life
3 References
4 Additional reading

Personal life[edit]
Milton Henschel was born in Pomona, New Jersey.[1] His father, Herman George Henschel assisted in the establishment of the Watch Tower Society's farm on Staten Island, working with and mentoring the staff about once each week during the 1920s.[2] The family relocated to Brooklyn, New York in 1934 to enable Herman to work on construction projects in the printeries and residences for Jehovah's Witnesses' headquarters there.[3]
Milton was baptized as a Jehovah's Witness minister in 1934,[4] and joined the full-time Watch Tower staff in 1939.[5] His older brother, Warren, was a full-time minister assigned to Oregon until he was invited to serve at the Brooklyn facility around 1940.[6] In 1956, Henschel married Lucille Bennett, a graduate of the 14th class of the Watchtower Bible School of Gilead and a former missionary in Venezuela.[7] Henschel died on March 22, 2003 at age 82, survived by his wife Lucille and brother Warren.[8]
Professional life[edit]
In 1939, Henschel was appointed secretary to Nathan H. Knorr, who was overseeing work at the Watch Tower printery. After Knorr became president of the Watch Tower Society in 1942, Henschel continued as his assistant. Henschel was often with Knorr in his travels, visiting at least 150 countries during this time. By 1945, Henschel was a featured speaker at international events though only 25 years old.[9]
By 1947 Henschel had claimed to be "anointed"[10]—not unusual among Jehovah's Witnesses at the time—which was a criterion at the time for appointment as a director of the Watch Tower Society. Henschel was elected to the board of directors in 1947,[11] after the death of W. E. Van Amburgh (since 1903 Secretary-Treasurer of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society), who died on February 7 of that year.[12]
By 1960, Henschel was a zone overseer,[13] supervising and auditing the administrative and ministry activities of about 10% of the Watch Tower Society's branch offices.[14]
In March, 1963, Henschel was among a large group of Jehovah's Witnesses who were detained and assaulted during a religious conference in Liberia.[15] He returned a few months later to meet with Liberia's president to discuss freedom of worship for Jehovah's Witnesses. In June, 1963, Henschel was a guest on a talk show hosted by Larry King.[16]
In a July, 1968 interview with the Detroit Free Press, Henschel was asked about the Watch Tower Society's recently stated opposition to organ transplants,[17] to which he responded that "transplanting organs is really cannibalism",[18] a position that was abandoned in 1980.[19] In the same interview, Henschel described the Watch Tower view of the immediate future, making reference to the impending battle of Armageddon. He conceded that there was no specific date for the outbreak of Armageddon, but stated, "1975 is a year to watch," alluding to Jehovah's Witnesses' belief that 6000 years of mankind's existence would be reached that year, an apparent precursor to Christ's millennial reign.[20]
By 1973, Henschel was "branch overseer for the United States".[21] Henschel contributed to the book Religions of America (1975), edited by Leo Rosten, with the chapter "Who are Jehovah's Witnesses?". In 1984, Henschel was the chairman for the centennial commemoration of the incorporation of the Watch Tower Society.
In February 1990, Henschel met with the chairman of the Committee of Religious Affairs in Moscow, along with eleven Russian elders representing local Jehovah's Witnesses, which led to the official recognition of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Russia by March 1991.[22]
Henschel became president of the Watch Tower Society December 30, 1992 and remained in that position until 2000. Major organizational changes took place in 2000, as the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses was separated from the Society's board of directors. As a result, members of the Governing Body stepped aside from their capacities in the Watch Tower Society, and Don A. Adams was appointed president. Henschel remained a member of the Governing Body until his death in 2003.
References[edit]
1.^ "Obituary: Milton Henschel, 82; Executive Who Led Jehovah's Witnesses", The New York Times, March 30, 2003, As Retrieved 2009-09-23
2.^ "My Part in Advancing Right Worship", The Watchtower, June 15, 1965, pages 381-382
3.^ "Milton Henschel dies at 82", Authorized Site of the Office of Public Information of Jehovah's Witnesses, As Retrieved 2010-03-14
4.^ "Obituary: Milton Henschel, 82; Executive Who Led Jehovah's Witnesses", The New York Times, March 30, 2003, As Retrieved 2009-09-23
5.^ "Obituaries in the News: Milton Henschel", Associated Press, March 31, 2003
6.^ "Taught by Jehovah From My Youth", The Watchtower, November 1, 2003, page 20
7.^ "Gilead School—50 Years Old and Going Strong!", The Watchtower, June 1, 1993, page 26
8.^ "Milton Henschel dies at 82", Authorized Site of the Office of Public Information of Jehovah's Witnesses, As Retrieved 2010-03-14
9.^ "A Privileged Share in Postwar Expansion", The Watchtower, October 1, 2002, page 23
10.^ 1974 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, page 46-47 (see also The Watchtower, July 1, 1947)
11.^ "All Nations Expansion Assembly", The Watchtower, December 15, 1947, page 381
12.^ "Resignation and New Appointment", The Watchtower, March 1, 1947 page 66
13.^ "The Philippines", 1978 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, page 126
14.^ "Ending the Fourth, Beginning the Fifth Decade of Kingdom Operation", The Watchtower, April 1, 1956, page 223
15.^ 1977 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, pages 171-7.
16.^ "Something Better Than Fame", Awake!, August 22, 2004, page 22
17.^ Heart Transplants Held Cannibalism, The Detroit Free Press, July, 1968, by Hiley H. Ward.
18.^ The Watchtower, 11/15/1967, Questions from Readers.
19.^ The Watchtower, 3/15/1980, Questions from Readers.
20.^ See Life Everlasting in Freedom of the Sons of God. Watch Tower Society. 1966. pp. 29–35..
21.^ "Response to the Need for Workers", Awake!, November 8, 1973, page 26
22.^ "Russia", 2008 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, pages 198, 203
Additional reading[edit]
He Loved Kindness, The Watchtower, pg.31, August 15, 2003.
Preceded by
Frederick W. Franz President of Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society of Pennsylvania
 December 30, 1992-October 7, 2000 Succeeded by
Don A. Adams


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Categories: American Jehovah's Witnesses
Watch Tower Society presidents
Members of the Governing Body of Jehovah's Witnesses
1920 births
2003 deaths




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Margaret Keane

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Margaret Keane

Born
1927
Tennessee
Occupation
Artist
Religion
Jehovah's Witnesses
Margaret Keane (born 1927) is an American artist. She is a painter, who mainly draws women and children in oil or mixed media. Her works are recognizable from the doe-eyed children[1] that are depicted in the drawings.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Biography
2 Cultural references
3 References
4 External links

Biography[edit]
Margaret D. H. Keane was born 1927 in Tennessee, and attributes her deep respect for the Bible and inspirations of her artwork to the relationship with her grandmother. She later became one of Jehovah's Witnesses, which she said changed her life for the better.[2]
In the 1960s, Margaret Keane's artwork was sold under the name of her husband, Walter Keane. Walter Keane claimed credit for her work. Conflict over that issue was cited as one of the reasons they divorced. Walter and Margaret's divorce proceedings went all the way to federal court. At the hearing, Margaret challenged Walter to a 'paint-off' and created a painting in front of the judge to prove that she was the artist.[1] Walter declined to paint before the court, citing a sore shoulder. In 1986, the courts sided with her, enabling her to paint under her own name.
Her works while living in her husband's shadow tended to depict sad children in a dark setting, but after divorcing, moving to Hawaii, and becoming one of Jehovah's Witnesses, her paintings took on a happier, brighter style. Her website now advertises her work as having "tears of joy" or "tears of happiness".
Keane is a fixture in popular culture. Some of her well-known fans over the years have included actresses Joan Crawford and Natalie Wood, whom she painted portraits of; filmmaker Tim Burton, who commissioned Keane to paint Lisa Marie; and animator Craig McCracken, whose characters the Powerpuff Girls are based on Keane's 'waifs'; additionally the Girls' schoolteacher is named "Ms. Keane".
Currently Margaret makes her home in Napa County, California. She will be portrayed by Amy Adams in the upcoming Tim Burton film Big Eyes.
Cultural references[edit]
The American television comedy show Saturday Night Live once had a skit that featured her work, during the time when it was thought to be by her husband, as a parody of the reaction against modern art (e.g., Cubism or the New York Armory Show). "People don't look like that!" one comedian shrieks, before the picture in question was shown to the camera and audience as the punch line.
In Woody Allen's 1973 comedy Sleeper, the people of the future consider Keane to be one of the greatest artists in history, one of many references mocking the popular culture of the seventies.
Late Night with Conan O'Brien has "bumper" art in her style depicting a glum Conan O'Brien at his desk, next to a dog.
Weird Al Yankovic's song "Velvet Elvis", in which the narrator says he needs "no pictures of Mexican kids with those really big eyes or dogs playing poker".
In season 3, episode 20 of 90210 ("Women on the Verge"), Annie is described as looking "like a Keane painting."
In the American television comedy series "Newhart," Michael (played by Peter Scolari), in search of his artistic muse, has been painting obsessively. When Bob (Bob Newhart) looks at Michael's "masterpiece" his puzzled observation is "Children with big ears?"
A Keane painting is featured briefly in a music video for American band Devo's song R U Experienced?, first as an effect when lead singer Mark Mothersbaugh's head morphs to become the child from the painting, and then again shortly after as the painting hanging on the wall of a home in the video.
In 2013 director Tim Burton announced he was making a film about Margaret Keane entitled Big Eyes. Burton collected Keane's work and it had featured in his previous films Beetlejuice and The Nightmare Before Christmas.[1]
References[edit]
1.^ a b c "Tim Burton 'Big Eyes' Movie Tells The Story Of Art Couple Margaret and Walter Keane...", Huffington Post, April 4, 2013. Retieved 2013-06-09.
2.^ "My Life as a Famous Artist", Awake!, July 8, 1975
Official Collectors Gallery by Copper State Design
Ask Art
An excerpt transcribed from Awake! magazine of July 8, 1975 reposted by Megan Besmirched
Keane Eyes Gallery
Natasha: The Biography of Natalie Wood by Suzanne Finstad
External links[edit]
Margaret Keane info available on the Laguna Museum web site

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Mickey Spillane

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For the gangster, see Mickey Spillane (mobster).

Mickey Spillane
Mickey Spillane Columbo 1974.JPG
Spillane in the "Publish or Perish" episode of Columbo.
 
Born
Frank Morrison Spillane
March 9, 1918
Brooklyn, New York City,
 United States
Died
July 17, 2006 (aged 88)
Murrells Inlet, South Carolina,
 United States
Occupation
Novelist
Nationality
American
Period
1947–2006
Genres
Hardboiled crime fiction,
detective fiction
Frank Morrison Spillane (March 9, 1918 – July 17, 2006), better known as Mickey Spillane, was an American author of crime novels, many featuring his signature detective character, Mike Hammer. More than 225 million copies of his books have sold internationally.[1] In 1980, Spillane was responsible for seven of the top 15 all-time best-selling fiction titles in the U.S.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Biography
2 Writing career 2.1 Comic books
2.2 Novels
2.3 All novels
3 Films
4 Critical reactions
5 Quotes
6 See also
7 References
8 External links

Biography[edit source]
Born in Brooklyn, New York City, and raised in Elizabeth, New Jersey, Spillane was the only child of his Irish bartender father, John Joseph Spillane, and his Scottish mother, Catherine Anne. Spillane attended Erasmus Hall High School, graduating in 1935.[2] He started writing while in high school, briefly attended Fort Hays State College in Kansas and worked a variety of jobs, including summers as a lifeguard at Breezy Point, Queens, and a period as a trampoline artist for the Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus.
During World War II Spillane enlisted in the Army Air Corps, becoming a fighter pilot and a flight instructor.[3] While flying over Murrells Inlet, South Carolina, he said, "That is where I want to live."[4] Later, he would use his celebrity status to publicize the Grand Strand on TV, but when it became a popular resort area and traffic became a problem, Spillane said, "I shouldn't have told people about it."[4]
He was an active Jehovah's Witness.[5] Mickey and Mary Ann Spillane had four children (Caroline, Kathy, Michael, Ward), and their marriage ended in 1962. In November 1965, he married his second wife, nightclub singer Sherri Malinou. After that marriage ended in divorce (and a lawsuit) in 1983, Spillane shared his waterfront house in Murrells Inlet with his third wife, Jane Rogers Johnson, whom he married in October 1983, and her two daughters (Jennifer and Margaret Johnson).
In the 1960s, Spillane became a friend of the novelist Ayn Rand. Despite their apparent differences, Rand admired Spillane's literary style, and Spillane became, as he described it, a "fan" of Rand's work.[6]
In 1989, Hurricane Hugo ravaged his Murrells Inlet house to such a degree it had to be almost entirely reconstructed. A television interview showed Spillane standing in the ruins of his house. He received an Edgar Allan Poe Grand Master Award in 1995. Spillane's novels went out of print, but in 2001, the New American Library began reissuing them.
Spillane died July 17, 2006 at his home in Murrells Inlet, of pancreatic carcinoma.[7][8][9] After his death, his friend and literary executor, Max Allan Collins, began the task of editing and completing Spillane's unpublished typescripts, beginning with a Mike Hammer novel, The Goliath Bone (2008).
In July 2011, Murrells Inlet named U.S 17 Business the "Mickey Spillane Waterfront 17 Highway." The proposal first passed the Georgetown County Council in 2006 while Spillane was still alive, but the South Carolina General Assembly rejected the plan then.[4]
He is survived by his wife, Jane Spillane, of Murrells Inlet, South Carolina.
Writing career[edit source]
Comic books[edit source]
Spillane started as a writer for comic books. While working as a salesman in Gimbels department store basement in 1940, he met tie salesman Joe Gill, who later found a lifetime career in scripting for Charlton Comics. Gill told Spillane to meet his brother, Ray Gill, who wrote for Funnies Inc., an outfit that packaged comic books for different publishers. Spillane soon began writing an eight-page story every day. He concocted adventures for major 1940s comic book characters, including Captain Marvel, Superman, Batman and Captain America. Two-page text stories, which he wrote in the mid-1940s for Timely, appeared under his name and were collected in Primal Spillane (Gryphon Books, 2003).
Novels[edit source]
Spillane joined the United States Army Air Forces on December 8, 1941, the day after the attack on Pearl Harbor. In the mid-1940s he was stationed as a flight instructor in Greenwood, Mississippi, where he met and married Mary Ann Pearce in 1945. The couple wanted to buy a country house in the Newburgh, New York, 60 miles north of New York City, so Spillane decided to boost his bank account by writing a novel. In 19 days he wrote I, the Jury. At the suggestion of Ray Gill, he sent it to E. P. Dutton.
With the combined total of the 1947 hardcover and the Signet paperback (December 1948), I, the Jury sold six and a half million copies in the United States alone. I, the Jury introduced Spillane's most famous character, hardboiled detective Mike Hammer. Although tame by current standards, his novels featured more sex than competing titles, and the violence was more overt than the usual detective story. An early version of Spillane's Mike Hammer character, called Mike Danger, was submitted in a script for a detective-themed comic book. " 'Mike Hammer originally started out to be a comic book. I was gonna have a Mike Danger comic book,' [Spillane] said in a 1984 interview."[10] Two Mike Danger comic-book stories were published in 1954 without Spillane's knowledge, as well as one featuring Mike Lancer (1942). These were published with other material in "Byline: Mickey Spillane," edited by Max Allan Collins and Lynn F. Myers, Jr. (Crippen & Landru publishers, 2004).
The Signet paperbacks displayed dramatic front cover illustrations. Lou Kimmel did the cover paintings for My Gun Is Quick, Vengeance Is Mine, One Lonely Night and The Long Wait. The cover art for Kiss Me, Deadly was by James Meese.
All novels[edit source]
1947 I, the Jury - Mike Hammer
1950 My Gun Is Quick - Mike Hammer
1950 Vengeance Is Mine! - Mike Hammer
1951 One Lonely Night - Mike Hammer
1951 The Big Kill - Mike Hammer
1951 The Long Wait
1952 Kiss Me, Deadly - Mike Hammer
1961 The Deep
1962 The Girl Hunters - Mike Hammer
1963 Me, Hood
1964 Day of the Guns - Tiger Mann
1964 The Snake - Mike Hammer
1964 Return of the Hood
1964 The Flier
1965 Bloody Sunrise - Tiger Mann
1965 The Death Dealers - Tiger Mann
1965 Killer Mine
1966 The By-Pass Control - Tiger Mann
1966 The Twisted Thing - Mike Hammer
1967 The Body Lovers - Mike Hammer
1967 The Delta Factor
1970 Survival... Zero! - Mike Hammer
1972 The Erection Set - a Dogeron Kelly novel; in the Jacqueline Susann mold
1973 The Last Cop Out - written in the third person
1979 The Day The Sea Rolled Back - young adult
1982 The Ship That Never Was - young adult
1989 The Killing Man - Mike Hammer
1996 Black Alley - Mike Hammer
2003 Something Down There - featuring semi-retired spy Mako Hooker
2007 Dead Street - completed by Max Allan Collins[11]
2008 The Goliath Bone - Mike Hammer; completed by Max Allan Collins
2010 The Big Bang - Mike Hammer; completed by Max Allan Collins
2011 Kiss Her Goodbye - Mike Hammer; completed by Max Allan Collins
2011 The Consummata - sequel to The Delta Factor; completed by Max Allan Collins
2012 Lady, Go Die! - Mike Hammer; completed by Max Allan Collins
2013 Complex 90 - Mike Hammer; completed by Max Allan Collins
2014 King of the Weeds - Mike Hammer; completed by Max Allan Collins
Films[edit source]
Spillane portrayed himself as a detective in Ring of Fear (1954), and rewrote the film without credit for John Wayne's and Robert Fellows' Wayne-Fellows Productions. The film was directed by screenwriter James Edward Grant. Several Hammer novels were made into movies, including Kiss Me Deadly (1955). In The Girl Hunters (1963) filmed in England, Spillane appeared as Hammer, one of the few occasions in film history in which an author of a popular literary hero has portrayed his own character. Spillane was scheduled to film The Snake as a follow up, but the film was never made.[12]
On October 25, 1956, Spillane appeared on The Ford Show, Starring Tennessee Ernie Ford, with interest on his Mike Hammer novels.[13] In January 1974, he appeared with Jack Cassidy in the television series Columbo in the episode Publish or Perish. He portrayed a writer who is murdered.[14]
In 1969, Spillane formed a production company with Robert Fellows who had produced The Girl Hunters to produce many of his books, but Fellows died soon after and only The Delta Factor was produced.[15]
During the 1980s, he appeared in Miller Lite beer commercials.[16] In the 1990s, Spillane licensed one of his characters to Tekno Comix for use in a science-fiction adventure series, Mike Danger. In his introduction to the series, Spillane said he had conceived of the character decades earlier but never used him.[10]
Critical reactions[edit source]
When literary critics had a negative reaction to Spillane's writing, citing the high content of sex and violence, Spillane answered with a few terse comments: "Those big-shot writers could never dig the fact that there are more salted peanuts consumed than caviar... If the public likes you, you're good." Russian-American author Ayn Rand publicly praised Spillane's work at a time when critics were almost uniformly hostile. She considered him an underrated if uneven stylist and found congenial the black-and-white morality of the Hammer stories. She later publicly repudiated what she regarded as the amorality of Spillane's Tiger Mann stories. German painter Markus Lüpertz claimed that Spillane's writing influenced his own work, saying that Spillane ranks as one of the major poets of the 20th century. American comic book writer Frank Miller has mentioned Spillane as an influence for his own hard boiled style.
Quotes[edit source]
I started off at the high level, in the slick magazines, but they didn't use my name, they used house names. Anyway, then I went downhill to the pulps, then downhill further to the comics - Mickey Spillane
See also[edit source]
History of crime fiction
Hard boiled American crime fiction writing
List of Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer (Darren McGavin) episodes
References[edit source]
1.^ Gulley, Andrew (Oct-January 2006). "Interview: Mickey Spillane". The Strand Magazine.
2.^ Boyer, David. "Neighborhood Report: Flatbush: "Grads Hail Erasmus as It Enters a Fourth Century", The New York Times, March 11, 2001. Accessed December 1, 2007.
3.^ Rippetoe, Rita Elizabeth Booze and the Private Eye: Alcohol in the Hard Boiled Novel. McFarland, 2004.
4.^ a b c Vasselli, Gina (2011-07-11). "New name coming soon for road in Murrells Inlet". The Sun News. Retrieved 2011-07-11.
5.^ Adam Bernstein (July 18, 2006). "Mickey Spillane; Tough-Guy Writer Of Mike Hammer Detective Mysteries". Washington Post. Retrieved December 19, 2012.
6.^ McConnell, Scott, ed., "Mickey Spillane", 100 Voices: an Oral History of Ayn Rand, 2010, New American Library, pp. 232-239.
7.^ The New York Times obituary
8.^ Guardian obituary
9.^ "Mystery Novelist Spillane Dies", The Washington Times
10.^ a b CBS News obituary
11.^ Spillane, Mickey. Dead Street. Hard Case Crime/Dorchester Publishing, 2007, p. 214.
12.^ Time
13.^ "The Ford Show, Season One". ernieford.com. Retrieved December 28, 2010.
14.^ [1]
15.^ p.77 Baker, Robert Allen & Nietzel, Michael T. Private Eyes: One Hundred and One Knights : A Survey of American Detective Fiction, 1922-1984 Popular Press, 1985
16.^ "Mickey Spillane dies". The Guardian. July 18, 2006.
External links[edit source]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Mickey Spillane
Mickey Spillane at the Internet Movie Database
Biography of Jack Stang - The Real Mike Hammer
"'Comics Were Great!' A Colorful Conversation with Mickey Spillane", Alter Ego vol. 3, #11, November 2001. Accessed September 5, 2008. WebCitation archive.
"The Religious Affiliation of Writer of Hard-boiled Detective Novels Mickey Spillane", Crime Time August 6, 2001, via Famous Jehovah's Witnesses. WebCitation archive.
Liukkonen, Petri. "Mickey Spillane (1918-2006) - Pseudonym of Frank Morrison Spillane", Books and Writers], n.d. WebCitation archive.
Smith, Kevin Burton. "Authors and Creators: Mickey Spillane (Frank Morrison Spillane) (1918-2006)", Thrilling Detective, n.d. WebCitation archive.
Holland, Steve. "Mickey Spillane: Hardboiled's Most Extreme Stylist or Cynical Exploiter of Machismo?", Crime Time 2.6, December 1999, via MysteryFile.com
Meroney, John. "Man of Mysteries: It'd Been Years Since Spillane Pulled a Job. Could We Find Him? Yeah. It Was Easy", The Washington Post, August 22, 2001, p. C01. WebCitation archive.
Photo

[hide]
v·
 t·
 e
 
Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer

 
Novels
I, the Jury (1947)·
 My Gun Is Quick (1950)·
 Vengeance Is Mine! (1950)·
 One Lonely Night (1951)·
 The Big Kill (1951)·
 Kiss Me, Deadly (1952)·
 The Girl Hunters (1962)·
 The Snake (1964)·
 The Twisted Thing (1966)·
 The Body Lovers (1967)·
 Survival... Zero! (1970)·
 The Killing Man (1989)·
 Black Alley (1996)·
 The Goliath Bone (2008)
 
 
Films
I, the Jury (1953)·
 Kiss Me Deadly (1955)·
 My Gun Is Quick (1957)·
 The Girl Hunters (1963)·
 Margin For Murder (TV, 1981)·
 I, the Jury (1982)·
 Murder Me, Murder You (TV, 1983)·
 More Than Murder (TV, 1984)·
 The Return of Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer (TV, 1986)·
 Come Die With Me (TV, 1994)·
 Mike Hammer: Song Bird (V, 2003)
 
 
Television
Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer (1958-1960)·
 Mickey Spillane's Mike Hammer (1984-1985)·
 The New Mike Hammer (1986-1987)·
 Mike Hammer, Private Eye (1997-1998)
 
 

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Emily Rios

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Emily Rios
Emilyrios.jpg
Rios on June 30, 2006
 
Born
Emily Clara Rios[1]
 April 27, 1989 (age 24)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.A
Occupation
Actress
Years active
2005–present
Emily Clara Rios (born April 27, 1989) is an American actress and model.
Rios, a Mexican American,[2] was born in Los Angeles, California. She was raised as a Jehovah's Witness in the city of El Monte, California.[2] Rios was discovered while shopping in an area shopping mall. She has appeared in the short For Them[3] and Quinceañera. She was selected for the role of Magdalena in Quinceañera over more than 200 other actresses. In August 2006, she began work on the independent film Vicious Circle with co-star and professional skateboarder Paul Rodriguez Jr. She has appeared in the episode Emancipation of the television drama House.
Filmography[edit]
Film

Year
Title
Role
Notes

2005
For Them
Lydia Short
2006
Quinceañera
Magdalena 
2007
The Blue Hour
Happy 
2007
The Stain on the Sidewalk
Vanessa 
2008
Vicious Circle
Angel 
2009
Down For Life
Vanessa 
2009
The Winning Season
Kathy 
2010
Love Ranch
Muneca 
2010
Pete Smalls Is Dead
Xan 
2011
Big Mommas:Like Father Like Son
Isabelle 

Television

Year
Title
Role
Notes

2007
ER
Tracy Martinez Episode: "Under the Influence"
2008
The Closer
Elena Contreras Episode: "Sudden Death"
2008
House
Sophia Episode: "Emancipation"
2010–2011
Friday Night Lights
Epyck Sanders 4 episodes
2009–2011
Men of a Certain Age
Maria 12 Episodes
2010–2013
Breaking Bad
Andrea Cantillo 7 episodes
2013 The Bridge Adrianna Perez 

References[edit]
1.^ According to the State of California. California Birth Index, 1905-1995. Center for Health Statistics, California Department of Health Services, Sacramento, California. Searchable at http://www.familytreelegends.com/records/39461
2.^ a b http://www.nydailynews.com/archives/entertainment/2006/08/06/2006-08-06_a_film_fiesta___quincea_era_.html
3.^ For Them at the Internet Movie Database
External links[edit]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Emily Rios
Emily Rios on Twitter
Emily Rios at the Internet Movie Database
Emily Rios at the TCM Movie Database
Emily Rios at AllRovi

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American film actor, 1980s birth stubs



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Bria Valente

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Bria Valente
Bria v 2.jpg
Bria Valente in December 2006.
 
Background information

Birth name
Brenda Fuentes
Born
1974/1975 (age 37–38)[1]
Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States
Genres
R&B
Occupations
Singer
Years active
2001–present
Labels
NPG
Associated acts
Prince
Bria Valente (born Brenda Fuentes)[2] is an American singer. A protégée of Prince, Valente released her debut album, Elixer, as part of a three-album set with Prince's LOtUSFLOW3R and MPLSoUND on March 29, 2009.[2] The collection debuted at #2 on the top Billboard albums chart.[3]
Valente was born and raised in Minneapolis, Minnesota. She stated in an interview with Tavis Smiley that she first met Prince at the age of 17 at Paisley Park Studios while working with keyboardist Morris Hayes.[4] She later moved to Los Angeles, California, and worked as a model and background dancer for Usher.[2] She is credited with backing vocals on Usher's 2001 album 8701.[citation needed]
Valente returned to Minneapolis, where she began her association with Prince, contributing vocals to his 2007 album, Planet Earth.[2] Valente recorded Elixer in 2009; she sang lead vocals, with Prince on guitar, and Morris Hayes providing beats.[2][5] Prince described it as a quiet storm album.[6] The music review website Metacritic rated the album 49 out of 100, labeling it as having "mixed or average reviews", based on 12 reviews.[7] The album was released through the website lotusflow3r.com, as well as exclusively through U.S. retailer Target.[8]
As of 2010, Valente was Prince's girlfriend. She became one of Jehovah's Witnesses since they were together.[9] After her collaboration with Prince had ended, no news about Valente surfaced, until it became clear that Valente got married to Alex Reece on April 6th 2013[citation needed]. Purple Music, a Swiss-based record label releases Bria Valente CD single "2 Nite" on February 23, 2012 as part of a Prince club remixes package including the single "Dance 4 Me" by Prince which was released December 12, 2011. Remixes by Jamie Lewis and David Alexander, Produced by Prince.[10]
Discography[edit source]
Elixer (2009), NPG Records – debut album, produced by Prince.
2nite (single) (2012), Purple Music Switzerland - remixes by David Alexander and Jamie Lewis, produced by Prince.
References[edit source]
1.^ "CELEBS PARTY FOR HIGH ST HOOK-UP". Daily Star. November 10, 2011. Retrieved November 19, 2011.
2.^ a b c d e Bria Valente. Allmusic.
3.^ "Keith Urban Scores First No. 1 Album". April 8, 2009. Access Hollywood. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
4.^ Bria Valente interview. Tavis Smiley. April 28, 2009. Retrieved June 26, 2009.
5.^ Michaels, Sean (January 2, 2009) "Prince to release three albums in 2009". The Guardian. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
6.^ Edwards, Gavin (April 6, 2009). "Bria Valente: Elixir". Rolling Stone. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
7.^ "Bria Valente: Elixir (2009)". Metacritic. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
8.^ du Lac, J. Freedom (April 3, 2009). "Prince's new three-album set includes some winners". The San Jose Mercury News. Retrieved on June 26, 2009.
9.^ Willis, Peter (July 5, 2010). "Prince - world exclusive interview: Peter Willis goes inside the star's secret world". Daily Mirror. Retrieved on July 6, 2010.
10.^ Jamie Lewis, Purple Music Label (Feb 23rd, 2012)."[1]".


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Categories: American female singers
American Jehovah's Witnesses
American rhythm and blues singers
Living people
Musicians from Minnesota
Prince (musician)
1970s births





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Larry Graham

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Larry Graham
Larry Graham.jpg
Background information

Birth name
Larry Graham, Jr.
Born
August 14, 1946 (age 66)
Beaumont, Texas, U.S.
Genres
Funk, soul, R&B
Occupations
Musician, songwriter, producer
Instruments
Vocals, bass guitar, guitar, keyboards, organ, harmonica
Years active
1961–present
Labels
Epic, Warner Bros., NPG, RhinoSphinx
Associated acts
Sly and the Family Stone, Prince, Graham Central Station, Drake
Websitewww.larrygraham.com
Notable instruments
Fender Jazz Bass
Larry Graham, Jr. (born August 14, 1946) is an American bass guitar player, both with the popular and influential psychedelic soul/funk band Sly and the Family Stone, and as the founder and frontman of Graham Central Station. He is credited with the invention of the slapping technique, which radically expanded the tonal palette of the bass, although he himself refers to the technique as "Thumpin' and Pluckin'."[1]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Biography
2 Discography 2.1 With Graham Central Station
2.2 Solo albums
2.3 Singles
3 See also
4 References
5 External links

Biography[edit source]
Born in Beaumont, Texas, Graham played bass in the highly successful and influential funk band Sly and the Family Stone from 1966 to 1972. It is said that he pioneered the art of slap-pop playing on the electric bass, in part to provide percussive and rhythmic elements in addition to the notes of the bass line when his mother's band lacked a drummer; the slap of the thumb being used to emulate a bass drum and the pop of the index or middle finger as a snare drum.[1] This style has become archetypal of modern funk. Slap-pop playing couples a percussive thumb-slapping technique of the lower strings with an aggressive finger-snap of the higher strings, often in rhythmic alternation. The slap and pop technique incorporates a large ratio of muted or "dead" notes to normal notes, which adds to the rhythmic effect.
This "slap" bass style was later used by such artists as Les Claypool (of Primus), Bootsy Collins, Louis Johnson, Mark King, Flea, Tim Commerford, Peter Hook, Mike Mills, Victor Wooten, Jonas Hellborg, Kim Clarke of Defunkt, Marcus Miller, Stanley Clarke, John Norwood Fisher, P-Nut, Danny McCormack, Matt Noveskey, Dirk Lance, and Pino Palladino.
After Sly and the Family Stone, Graham formed his own band, Graham Central Station. The name is a pun on Grand Central Station, the train station located in Manhattan, New York City. Graham Central Station had several hits in the 1970s, including "Hair".
In the mid-1970s, Larry Graham worked with Betty Davis, the second ex-wife of jazz legend Miles Davis. Betty Davis' band included members of the Tower of Power horns and the Pointer Sisters, and she recorded three albums to critical acclaim but limited commercial success.
In 1975, Graham became one of Jehovah's Witnesses.[2] Eventually, he was credited with introducing Prince to the faith. In the early 1980s, Graham recorded five solo albums and had several solo hits on the R&B charts. His biggest hit was "One in a Million You", a crossover hit, which reached No. 9 on the Billboard Hot 100 chart in 1980.
He reformed Graham Central Station in the early 1990s and performed with the band for several years during which they released 2 live albums. One was recorded in Japan in 1992, and the other, recorded in London in 1996, had only 1000 copies printed and was exclusively sold at concerts.
In 1999, he recorded a solo album under the name Graham Central Station, GCS 2000. It was a collaboration between Larry Graham and Prince. While Graham wrote all the songs, except one co-written by Prince, the album was co-arranged and co-produced by Prince, and most of the instruments and vocals were recorded by both Graham and Prince. Graham also played bass on tours with Prince in 1997–2000. He appeared in Prince's 1998 VHS Beautiful Strange and 1999 DVD Rave Un2 the Year 2000.
He has appeared with Prince since then at various international venues.
Larry Graham and Graham Central Station performed internationally with a world tour in 2010 and the "Funk Around The World" international tour in 2011. He appeared as a special guest at Jim James' "Rock N' Soul Dance Party Superjam" at Bonnaroo 2013.
Graham is the father of singer/songwriter and producer Darric Graham and is the uncle of Canadian rapper and actor Aubrey Graham (Drake).
Discography[edit source]
With Graham Central Station[edit source]
Graham Central Station (Warner Bros., 1974)
Release Yourself (Warner Bros., 1974)
Ain't No 'Bout-A-Doubt It (Warner Bros., 1975)
Mirror (Warner Bros., 1976)
Now Do U Wanta Dance (Warner Bros., 1977)
My Radio Sure Sounds Good to Me (Warner Bros., 1978)
Star Walk (Warner Bros., 1979)
Live in Japan (1992)
Live in London (1996)
Back by Popular Demand (1998)
The Best of Larry Graham and Graham Central Station, Vol. 1 (Warner Bros., 1996)
Raise Up (2012)
Solo albums[edit source]
All Warner Bros. releases.1980: One in a Million You
1981: Just Be My Lady
1982: Sooner or Later
1983: Victory
1985: Fired Up
NPG Records release1998: GCS2000 (as Graham Central Station)
Singles[edit source]

Year
Title
Album
U.S. Hot 100
U.S. R&B
UK Singles Chart[3]
1980 "One in a Million You" One in a Million You 9 1 
1980 "When We Get Married" One in a Million You 76 9 
1981 "Guess Who" Just Be My Lady  69 
1981 "Just Be My Lady" Just Be My Lady 67 4 
1982 "Don't Stop When You're Hot"/
 "Sooner or Later" Sooner or Later 102
 110 16
 27 54

1983 "I Never Forget Your Eyes" Victory  34 
See also[edit source]
List of Fender Jazz Bass players
References[edit source]
1.^ a b Bass Player magazine, Apr 07
2.^ Awake! magazine, February 22, 1989, p.15
3.^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 233. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
External links[edit source]
A bio from the Ultimate Band List
"Release Yourself: From Sly Stone's roughhouse to the Artist's clubhouse, groundbreaking bassist Larry Graham finds new power in Minnesota" City Pages, July 21, 1999

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Sly and the Family Stone

 
­Sly Stone·
 ­Freddie Stone·
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Studio albums
­A Whole New Thing (1967)·
 ­Dance to the Music (1968)·
 ­Life (1968)·
 ­Stand! (1969)·
 ­There's a Riot Goin' On (1971)·
 ­Fresh (1973)·
 ­Small Talk (1974)·
 ­High on You (Sly Stone, 1975)·
 ­Heard Ya Missed Me, Well I'm Back (1976)·
 ­Back on the Right Track (1979)·
 ­Ain't But the One Way (1982)·
 ­I'm Back! Family & Friends (Sly Stone, 2011)
 
 
Live albums
­The Woodstock Experience (2009)
 
 
Compilations
­Greatest Hits·
 ­Ten Years Too Soon·
 ­Sly & the Family Stone Anthology·
 ­Who in the Funk Do You Think You Are: The Warner Bros. Recordings·
 ­Rock and Roll·
 ­The Essential Sly & the Family Stone·
 ­Different Strokes by Different Folks·
 ­Higher!·
 ­The Collection
 
 
Singles
­"Underdog"·
 ­"Dance to the Music"·
 ­"Dance à la Musique"·
 ­"Life"·
 ­"Everyday People"·
 ­"Stand!"·
 ­"Hot Fun in the Summertime"·
 ­"Thank You (Falettinme Be Mice Elf Agin)"·
 ­"I Want to Take You Higher"·
 ­"Family Affair"·
 ­"Runnin' Away"·
 ­"(You Caught Me) Smilin'"·
 ­"I Ain't Got Nobody"·
 ­"If You Want Me to Stay"·
 ­"Frisky"·
 ­"Time for Livin'"·
 ­"Loose Booty"·
 ­"I Get High on You"·
 ­"Le Lo Li"·
 ­"Crossword Puzzle"·
 ­"Blessing in Disguise"·
 ­"Family Again"
 
 
Additional personnel
­Vet Stone·
 ­Mary McCreary·
 ­Elva Mouton·
 ­Gerry Gibson·
 ­Rustee Allen·
 ­Pat Rizzo·
 ­Andy Newmark·
 ­Bill Lordan·
 ­Vicki Blackwell·
 ­Jim Strassburg·
 ­Dennis Marcellino
 
 
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 ­Discography·
 ­Sly Stone solo discography·
 ­Members·
 ­Little Sister
 
 
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Categories: 1946 births
Living people
African-American singers
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American funk singers
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Prince (musician)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 
Jump to: navigation, search

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Prince
Prince at Coachella 001.jpg
Prince performing in 2008
 
Background information

Birth name
Prince Rogers Nelson
Also known as
Jamie Starr
 Christopher
 Alexander Nevermind
 Joey Coco
Prince logo.svg
 The artist formerly known as Prince
Born
June 7, 1958 (age 55)
Minneapolis, Minnesota, US
Genres
Funk, R&B, rock, pop, new wave, Minneapolis sound, synthpop
Occupations
Musician, multi-instrumentalist, arranger, composer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actor
Instruments
Vocals, guitar, bass guitar, piano, keyboards, synthesizer, clavinet, drums, percussion, saxophone, harmonica, Linn Drum
Years active
1976–present
Labels
Warner Bros., Paisley Park, NPG, EMI, Columbia, Arista
Associated acts
The Revolution; Wendy & Lisa
The New Power Generation
The Time; Morris Day
Sheila E.
Vanity 6; Apollonia 6
Mazarati
The Family
94 East
Madhouse
Andy Allo
Prince Rogers Nelson (born June 7, 1958), known by his mononym Prince, is an American singer-songwriter, multi-instrumentalist, and actor. He has produced ten platinum albums and thirty Top 40 singles during his career.[1] He also has several hundred unreleased songs in his "vault".[2] He writes and produces his own music and plays most of the instruments; he has established his own recording studio and label.[1] In addition, he has promoted the careers of Sheila E., Carmen Electra, the Time and Vanity 6,[1] and his songs have been recorded by these artists and others, including Chaka Khan, the Bangles, Sinéad O'Connor, and Kim Basinger.
Born in Minneapolis, Minnesota, Prince developed an interest in music at an early age, writing his first song at age seven. After recording songs with his cousin's band 94 East, seventeen-year-old Prince recorded several unsuccessful demo tapes before releasing his debut album, For You, in 1978. His 1979 album, Prince, went platinum due to the success of the singles "Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?" and "I Wanna Be Your Lover". His next three records, Dirty Mind (1980), Controversy (1981), and 1999 (1982) continued his success, showcasing Prince's trademark of prominently sexual lyrics and incorporation of elements of funk, dance and rock music. In 1984, he began referring to his backup band as the Revolution and released the album Purple Rain, which served as the soundtrack to his film debut of the same name.
After releasing the albums Around the World in a Day (1985) and Parade (1986), The Revolution disbanded and Prince released the critically acclaimed double album Sign "O" the Times (1987) as a solo artist. He released three more solo albums before debuting the New Power Generation band in 1991, which saw him changing his stage name to an unpronounceable symbol known as "The Love Symbol". In 1994, he began releasing new albums at a faster pace to remove himself from contractual obligations to Warner Bros, releasing five records in a span of two years before signing to Arista Records in 1998. In 2000, he began referring to himself as "Prince" once again. He has released thirteen albums since then, including his latest, 20Ten, released in 2010.
Prince has a wide vocal range and is known for his flamboyant stage presence and costumes. His releases have sold over 100 million copies worldwide.[3] He has won seven Grammy Awards,[4] a Golden Globe,[5] and an Academy Award.[6] He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 2004, the first year he was eligible.[7] Rolling Stone has ranked Prince No. 27 on its list of the 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[8] Prince's music has been influenced by rock, R&B, soul, funk, hip hop, blues, new wave, electronica, disco, psychedelia, folk, jazz, and pop.[1] His artistic influences include Sly & the Family Stone, Parliament-Funkadelic, Joni Mitchell, the Beatles, Johnny "Guitar" Watson, Miles Davis, Carlos Santana,[2] Jimi Hendrix, James Brown, Led Zeppelin, Marvin Gaye, the Isley Brothers, Todd Rundgren[9] Duke Ellington,[10] Curtis Mayfield,[11] and Stevie Wonder.[12] Prince pioneered the "Minneapolis sound", a hybrid mixture of funk, rock, pop, R&B and new wave that has influenced many other musicians.[13]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early life
2 Career 2.1 Musical beginnings: 1974–80
2.2 Controversy era, 1999 and breakthrough: 1980–84
2.3 The Revolution and Purple Rain: 1984–87
2.4 Solo again, Sign "O" the Times and spiritual rebirth: 1987–91
2.5 The New Power Generation, Diamonds and Pearls and name change: 1991–94
2.6 Increased output and The Gold Experience: 1994–2000
2.7 Turnaround and Musicology: 2000–05
2.8 Move to Universal and 3121: 2005–06
2.9 Super Bowl XLI and Planet Earth: 2007–08
2.10 LOtUSFLOW3R and beyond: 2008–10
2.11 20Ten, rejection of the Internet and Welcome 2: 2010–2012
2.12 2013 "A Big year" From 3rdeyegirl to present
3 Personal life
4 Stage names
5 Copyright issues
6 Discography
7 Filmography
8 Tours
9 Awards and nominations 9.1 Grammy Awards
9.2 MTV Video Music Awards
10 See also
11 References
12 Further reading
13 External links

Early life
Prince Rogers Nelson was born June 7, 1958, in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to John L. Nelson and Mattie Shaw, though his roots are centered in Louisiana with all four of his grandparents hailing from the state.[14][15] Prince's father was a pianist and songwriter and his mother was a jazz singer. Prince was named after his father, whose stage name was Prince Rogers, and who performed with a jazz group called the Prince Rogers Trio. In a 1991 interview with A Current Affair, Prince's father said, "I named my son Prince because I wanted him to do everything I wanted to do."[16] Prince's childhood nickname was Skipper.[17]
In a PBS interview Prince told Tavis Smiley that he was "born epileptic" and "used to have seizures" when he was young. During the interview Prince also said that "my mother told me one day I walked in to her and said, 'Mom, I'm not going to be sick anymore,' and she said 'Why?' and I said 'Because an angel told me so.' "[18]
Prince's sister Tika Evene (usually called Tyka) was born in 1960.[19] Both siblings developed a keen interest in music, and this was encouraged by their father.[20] Prince wrote his first tune, "Funk Machine" on his father's piano when he was seven.[20] Prince's parents separated when Prince was ten years old. Following their separation, Prince constantly switched homes: sometimes he lived with his father, and sometimes with his mother and stepfather.[20] Finally he moved into the home of a neighbor, the Andersons, and befriended their son, Andre Anderson, who later became known as André Cymone.[21]
Prince and Anderson joined Prince's cousin, Charles Smith, in a band called Grand Central while they were attending Minneapolis's Central High School. Smith was later replaced by Morris Day on the drums. Prince played piano and guitar for the band which performed at clubs and parties in the Minneapolis area. Grand Central later changed its name to Champagne and started playing original music influenced by Sly & the Family Stone, James Brown, Earth, Wind & Fire, Miles Davis, Parliament-Funkadelic, Carlos Santana, Jimi Hendrix, and Todd Rundgren.[9] Prince also played basketball in high school.[22]
Career
Musical beginnings: 1974–80
In 1975, Pepe Willie, the husband of Prince's cousin, Shauntel, formed the band 94 East with Marcy Ingvoldstad and Kristie Lazenberry. Willie hired André Cymone and Prince to record tracks with 94 East. Those songs were written by Willie and Prince contributed guitar tracks. Prince also co-wrote, with Willie, the 94 East song, "Just Another Sucker". The band recorded tracks which later became the album Minneapolis Genius – The Historic 1977 Recordings. Prince also recorded, but never released, a song written by Willie, "If You See Me" (also known as, "Do Yourself A Favor"). In 1995, Willie released the album 94 East featuring Prince, Symbolic Beginning which included original recordings by Prince and Cymone.
In 1976, Prince created a demo tape with producer Chris Moon in Moon's Minneapolis studio. Unable to secure a recording contract, Moon brought the tape to Minneapolis businessman Owen Husney. Husney signed Prince, at the age of 17, to a management contract and helped Prince create a demo recording at Sound 80 Studios in Minneapolis using producer/engineer David Z. The demo recording, along with a press kit produced at Husney's ad agency, resulted in interest from several record companies including Warner Bros. Records, A&M Records, and Columbia Records. With the help of Husney, Prince signed a recording contract with Warner Bros.. Warner Bros. agreed to give Prince creative control for three albums and ownership of the publishing rights.[citation needed] Husney and Prince then left Minneapolis and moved to Sausalito, California where Prince's first album, For You, was recorded at Record Plant Studios. Subsequently, the album was mixed in Los Angeles and released in on April 7, 1978.[23] According to the For You album notes, Prince produced, arranged, composed and played all 27 instruments on the recording. The album was written and performed by Prince, except for the song "Soft and Wet" which had lyrics co-written by Moon.
The cost of recording the album was twice Prince's initial advance. Prince used the Prince's Music Co. to publish his songs. "Soft and Wet" reached No. 12 on the Hot Soul Singles chart and No. 92 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song "Just as Long as We're Together" reached No.91 on the Hot Soul Singles chart.

 

 Ticket to Prince's first performance with his band in January 1979
In 1979 Prince created a band which included André Cymone on bass, Dez Dickerson on guitar, Gayle Chapman and Doctor Fink on keyboards, and Bobby Z. on drums. Their first show was at the Capri Theater on January 5, 1979. Warner Bros. executives attended the show but decided that Prince and the band needed more time to develop his music.[24]
In October 1979, Prince released a self-titled album, Prince, which was No.4 on the Billboard Top R&B/Black Albums charts, and No.22 on the Billboard 200, going platinum. It contained two R&B hits: "Why You Wanna Treat Me So Bad?" and "I Wanna Be Your Lover". "I Wanna Be Your Lover" sold over a million copies, and reached No.11 on the Billboard Hot 100, and No.1 for two weeks on the Hot Soul Singles chart. Prince performed both these songs on January 26, 1980 on American Bandstand. On this album, Prince used Ecnirp Music – BMI.[25]
Controversy era, 1999 and breakthrough: 1980–84
In 1980 Prince released the album, Dirty Mind, which he recorded in his own studio. The album was certified gold and the attendant single "Uptown" reached No. 5 on the Billboard Dance chart and No. 5 on the Hot Soul Singles charts. Prince was also the opening act for Rick James' 1980 Fire it Up tour. Dirty Mind contained sexually explicit material, including the title song, "Head", and the song "Sister". In February 1981, Prince made his first appearance on Saturday Night Live, performing "Partyup".
In October 1981, Prince released the album, Controversy. He played several dates in support of it, at first as one of the opening acts for the Rolling Stones, who were then on tour in the U.S. He began 1982 with a small tour of college towns where he was the headlining act. The songs on Controversy were published by Controversy Music[26] – ASCAP, a practice he continued until the Emancipation album in 1996.
Controversy also marked the introduction of Prince's use of abbreviated spelling, such as spelling the words you as U, to as 2, and for as 4, as indicated by the inclusion of the track "Jack U Off". (His earlier song titles had used conventional spelling.[27]) By 2002, MTV.com noted that "[n]ow all of his titles, liner notes and Web postings are written in his own shorthand spelling, as seen on 1999's Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic, which featured 'Hot Wit U.'"[28]
In 1981, Prince formed a side project band called the Time. The band released four albums between 1981 and 1990, with Prince writing and performing most of the instrumentation and backing vocals, with lead vocals by Morris Day.[citation needed]
In late 1982, Prince released a double album, 1999, which sold over three million copies.[29] The title track was a protest against nuclear proliferation and became his first top ten hit in countries outside the U.S. Prince's "Little Red Corvette" was one of the first two videos by a black artist played in heavy rotation on MTV, along with Michael Jackson's "Billie Jean".[30]
The song "Delirious" also placed in the top ten on the Billboard Hot 100 chart.
The Revolution and Purple Rain: 1984–87
During this period Prince referred to his band as the Revolution. The band's name was also printed, in reverse, on the cover of 1999 inside the letter "I" of the word "Prince". The band consisted of Lisa Coleman and Doctor Fink on keyboards, Bobby Z. on drums, Brown Mark on bass, and Dez Dickerson on guitar. Jill Jones, a backing singer, was also part of The Revolution line up for the 1999 album and tour. Following the 1999 Tour, Dickerson left the group for religious reasons. In the 2003 book Possessed: The Rise and Fall of Prince, author Alex Hahn says that Dickerson was reluctant to sign a three-year contract and wanted to pursue other musical ventures. Dickerson was replaced by Wendy Melvoin, a childhood friend of Coleman. At first the band was used sparsely in the studio but this gradually changed during the mid-1980s.[citation needed]
Prince's 1984 album Purple Rain sold more than thirteen million copies in the U.S. and spent twenty-four consecutive weeks at No.1 on the Billboard 200 chart. The film of the same name won an Academy Award and grossed more than $80 million in the U.S.[31]

 

 Prince performing in Brussels during the Hit N Run Tour in 1986
Songs from the film were hits on pop charts around the world, while "When Doves Cry" and "Let's Go Crazy" reached No.1 and the title track reached No.2 on the Billboard Hot 100. At one point in 1984, Prince simultaneously had the number one album, single, and film in the U.S.; it was the first time a singer had achieved this feat.[32] Prince won the Academy Award for Best Original Song Score for Purple Rain, and the album is ranked 72nd Rolling Stone's 500 Greatest Albums of All Time.[33] The album is included on the list of Time magazine's All-Time 100 Albums.[34]
After Tipper Gore heard her 12-year-old daughter Karenna listening to Prince's song "Darling Nikki", she founded the Parents Music Resource Center.[35] The center advocates the mandatory use of a warning label ("Parental Advisory: Explicit Lyrics") on the covers of records that have been judged to contain language or lyrical content unsuitable for minors. The recording industry later voluntarily complied with this request.[36] Of what is considered the Filthy Fifteen Prince's compositions appear no. 1 and no. 2, with the fourth position occupied by his protégée Vanity.[37]
In 1985 Prince announced that he would discontinue live performances and music videos after the release of his next album. His subsequent recording Around the World in a Day held the No.1 spot on the Billboard 200 for three weeks.
In 1986 his album Parade reached No.3 on the Billboard 200 and No.2 on the R&B charts. The first single, "Kiss", with the video choreographed by Louis Falco, reached No.1 on the Billboard Hot 100. The song was originally written for a side project called Mazarati. That same year the song "Manic Monday", which was written by Prince and recorded by The Bangles, reached No.2 on the Hot 100 chart.
The album Parade served as the soundtrack for Prince's second film, Under the Cherry Moon. Prince directed and starred in the movie, which also featured Kristin Scott Thomas. He received the Golden Raspberry Award for his efforts in acting and directing.[38] In 1986, Prince began a series of sporadic live performances called the Hit n Run – Parade Tour. The European tour went to Europe in the summer and ended that September in Japan.
After the tour Prince abolished The Revolution, fired Wendy & Lisa and replaced Bobby Z. with Sheila E. Brown Mark quit the band while keyboardist Doctor Fink remained. Prince then recruited new band members Miko Weaver on guitar, Atlanta Bliss on trumpet, Eric Leeds on saxophone, Boni Boyer on keyboards, Levi Seacer, Jr. on bass and dancer Cat Glover.[citation needed]
Solo again, Sign "O" the Times and spiritual rebirth: 1987–91
Prior to the disbanding of The Revolution, Prince was working on two separate projects, The Revolution album Dream Factory and a solo effort, Camille.[39] Unlike the three previous band albums, Dream Factory included significant input from the band members and even featured a number of songs with lead vocals by Wendy & Lisa,[39] while the Camille project saw Prince create a new persona primarily singing in a sped up, female-sounding voice. With the dismissal of The Revolution, Prince consolidated material from both shelved albums, along with some new songs, into a three-LP album to be titled Crystal Ball.[40] However, Warner Bros. forced Prince to trim the triple album to a double album and Sign "O" the Times was released on March 31, 1987.[41]
The album peaked at No.6 on the Billboard 200 albums chart.[41] The first single, "Sign o' the Times", would chart at No.3 on the Hot 100.[42] The follow-up single, "If I Was Your Girlfriend" charted poorly at No.67 on the Hot 100, but went to No.12 on R&B chart.[42] The third single, a duet with Sheena Easton, "U Got the Look" charted at No.2 on the Hot 100, No.11 on the R&B chart,[42] and the final single "I Could Never Take the Place of Your Man" finished at No.10 on Hot 100 and No.14 on the R&B chart.[42]
Despite receiving the greatest critical acclaim of any album in Prince's career, including being named the top album of the year by the Pazz & Jop critics' poll, and eventually selling 3.2 million copies, album sales steadily declined.[43] In Europe, however, it performed well and Prince promoted the album overseas with a lengthy tour. Putting together a new backing band from the remnants of The Revolution, Prince added bassist Levi Seacer, Jr., Boni Boyer on keyboards, and dancer/choreographer Cat Glover to go with new drummer Sheila E. and holdovers Miko Weaver, Doctor Fink, Eric Leeds, Atlanta Bliss, and the Bodyguards (Jerome, Wally Safford, and Greg Brooks) for the Sign o' the Times Tour.
The tour was a success overseas, with Warner Bros. and Prince's managers wanting to bring it to the U.S. to resuscitate sagging sales of Sign "O" the Times[44][45]; however, Prince balked at a full U.S. tour, as he was ready to produce a new album.[44] As a compromise the last two nights of the tour were filmed for release in movie theaters. The film quality was deemed subpar and reshoots were performed at his Paisley Park studios.[44] The film Sign o' the Times was released on November 20, 1987. Much like the album, the film garnered more critical praise than the previous year's Under the Cherry Moon; however, its box office receipts were minimal, and it quickly left theaters.[45]
The next album intended for release was to be The Black Album.[46] More instrumental and funk and R&B themed than recent releases,[47] The Black Album also saw Prince experiment with hip hop music on the songs "Bob George" and "Dead on It." Prince was set to release the album with a monochromatic black cover with only the catalog number printed, but after 500,000 copies had been pressed,[48] Prince had a spiritual epiphany that the album was evil and had it recalled.[49] It would later be released by Warner Bros. as a limited edition album in 1994. Prince went back in the studio for eight weeks and recorded Lovesexy.
Released on May 10, 1988, Lovesexy serves as a spiritual opposite to the dark The Black Album.[50] Every song is a solo effort by Prince, with exception of "Eye No" which was recorded with his backing band at the time, dubbed the "Lovesexy Band" by fans. Lovesexy would reach No.11 on the Billboard 200 and No.5 on the R&B albums chart.[51] The lead single, "Alphabet St.", peaked at No.8 on the Hot 100 and No.3 on the R&B chart,[41] but finished with only selling 750,000 copies.[52]
Prince again took his post-Revolution backing band (minus the Bodyguards) on a three leg, 84-show Lovesexy World Tour; although the shows were well received by huge crowds, they lost money due to the expensive sets and incorporated props.[53][54]

 

 Prince performing during his Nude Tour in 1990
In 1989, Prince appeared on Madonna's studio album Like a Prayer, co-writing and singing the duet "Love Song" and playing electric guitar (uncredited) on the songs "Like a Prayer", "Keep It Together", and "Act of Contrition". He also began work on a number of musical projects, including Rave Unto the Joy Fantastic and early drafts of his Graffiti Bridge film,[55][56] but both were put on hold when he was asked by Batman director Tim Burton to record several songs for the upcoming live-action adaptation. Prince went into the studio and produced an entire nine-track album that Warner Bros. released on June 20, 1989. Batman peaked at No.1 on the Billboard 200,[57] selling 4.3 million copies.[58] The single "Batdance" topped the Billboard and R&B charts.[41]
Additionally, the single "The Arms of Orion" with Sheena Easton charted at No. 36, and "Partyman" (also featuring the vocals of Prince's then-girlfriend, nicknamed Anna Fantastic) charted at No.18 on the Hot 100 and at No.5 on the R&B chart, while the love ballad "Scandalous!" went to No.5 on the R&B chart.[41] However, he did have to sign away all publishing rights to the songs on the album to Warner Bros. as part of the deal to do the soundtrack.
In 1990, Prince went back on tour with a revamped band for his stripped down, back-to-basics Nude Tour. With the departures of Boni Boyer, Sheila E., the horns, and Cat, Prince brought in Rosie Gaines on keys, drummer Michael Bland, and dancing trio The Game Boyz (Tony M., Kirky J., and Damon Dickson). The European and Japanese tour was a financial success with its short, greatest hits setlist.[59] As the year progressed, Prince finished production on his fourth film, Graffiti Bridge, and the album of the same name. Initially, Warner Bros. was reluctant to fund the film, but with Prince's assurances it would be a sequel to Purple Rain as well as the involvement of the original members of The Time, the studio greenlit the project.[60] Released on August 20, 1990, the album reached No.6 on the Billboard 200 and R&B albums chart.[61] The single "Thieves in the Temple" reaching No.6 on the Hot 100 and No.1 on the R&B chart.[41] Also from that album, "Round and Round" placed at number 12 on the U.S. charts and Number 2 on the R&B charts. The song featured the teenage Tevin Campbell (who also had a role in the film) on lead vocals. The film, released on November 20, 1990, was a critical and box office flop, grossing just $4.2 million.[62] After the release of the film and album, the last remaining members of The Revolution, Miko Weaver and Doctor Fink, left Prince's band.
The New Power Generation, Diamonds and Pearls and name change: 1991–94

 

 Prince's Yellow Cloud Guitar at the Smithsonian Castle. Prince can be seen playing this guitar in the "Gett Off" video.
1991 marked the debut of Prince's new band, the New Power Generation. With guitarist Miko Weaver and long-time keyboardist Doctor Fink gone, Prince added bass player Sonny T., Tommy Barbarella on keyboards, and a brass section known as the Hornheads to go along with Levi Seacer (taking over on guitar), Rosie Gaines, Michael Bland, and the Game Boyz. With significant input from his band members, Diamonds and Pearls was released on October 1, 1991. Reaching No.3 on the Billboard 200 album chart,[63] Diamonds and Pearls saw 4 hit singles released in the United States. "Gett Off" peaked at No.21 on the Hot 100 and No.6 on the R&B charts, followed by "Cream" which gave Prince his fifth U.S. number one single. The title track "Diamonds and Pearls" became the album's third single, reaching No.3 on the Hot 100 and the top spot on the R&B charts. "Money Don't Matter 2 Night" peaked at No.23 and No.14 on the Hot 100 and R&B charts respectively.[64]
1992 saw Prince and The New Power Generation release his twelfth album, 'Love Symbol Album',[65] bearing only an unpronounceable symbol on the cover (later copyrighted as Love Symbol #2).[66] The album, generally referred to as the Love Symbol Album, would peak at No.5 on the Billboard 200.[67] While the label wanted "7" to be the first single, Prince fought to have "My Name Is Prince" as he "felt that the song's more hip-hoppery would appeal to the same audience" that had purchased the previous album.[68] Prince got his way but "My Name Is Prince" only managed to reach No.36 on the Billboard Hot 100 and No.23 on the R&B chart. The follow-up single "Sexy MF" fared worse, charting at No.66 on the Hot 100 and No.76 on the R&B chart. The label's preferred lead single choice "7" would be the album's lone top ten hit, reaching #7.[64] 'Love Symbol Album' would go on to sell 2.8 million copies worldwide.[68]

Logo. Hollow circle above downward arrow crossed with a curlicued horn-shaped symbol and then a short bar

 The unpronounceable symbol (later dubbed "Love Symbol #2")
After two failed attempts in 1990 and 1991,[69] Warner Bros. finally released a greatest hits compilation with the three-disc The Hits/The B-Sides in 1993. The first two discs were also sold separately as The Hits 1 and The Hits 2. In addition to featuring the majority of Prince's hit singles (with the exception of "Batdance" and other songs that appeared on the Batman soundtrack), The Hits includes an array of previously hard-to-find recordings, notably B-sides spanning the majority of Prince's career, as well as a handful of previously unreleased tracks such as the Revolution-recorded "Power Fantastic" and a live recording of "Nothing Compares 2 U" with Rosie Gaines. Two new songs, "Pink Cashmere" and "Peach", were chosen as promotional singles to accompany the compilation album.
1993 also marked the year in which Prince changed his stage name to the Love Symbol (see left), which was explained as a combination of the symbols for male (♂) and female (♀).[66] In order to use the symbol in print media, Warner Bros. had to organize a mass mailing of floppy disks with a custom font.[70] Because the symbol had no stated pronunciation, he was often referred to as "The Artist Formerly Known as Prince", as well as "The Artist".
Increased output and The Gold Experience: 1994–2000
In 1994, Prince's attitude towards his artistic output underwent a notable shift. He began to view releasing albums in quick succession as a means of ejecting himself from his contractual obligations to Warner Bros. The label, he believed, was intent on limiting his artistic freedom by insisting that he release albums more sporadically. He also blamed Warner Bros. for the poor commercial performance of the Love Symbol Album, claiming that it was insufficiently marketed by Warner. It was out of these developments that the aborted The Black Album was officially released, approximately seven years after its initial recording and near-release. The "new" release, which was already in wide circulation as a bootleg, sold relatively poorly.
Following that disappointing venture, Warner Bros. succumbed to Prince's wishes to release an album of new material, to be entitled Come. When Come was eventually released, it confirmed all of Warner's fears. It became Prince's poorest-selling album to date, struggling to even shift 500,000 copies. Even more frustrating was the fact that Prince insisted on crediting the album to "Prince 1958–1993".
Prince pushed to have his next album The Gold Experience released simultaneously with Love Symbol-era material. Warner Bros. allowed the single "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World" to be released via a small, independent distributor, Bellmark Records, in February 1994. The release was successful, reaching No.3 on the U.S. Billboard Hot 100 and No.1 in many other countries, but it would not prove to be a model for subsequent releases. Warner Bros. still resisted releasing The Gold Experience, fearing poor sales and citing "market saturation" as a defense. When eventually released in September 1995, The Gold Experience failed to sell well, although it reached the top 10 of the Billboard 200 initially, and many reviewed it as Prince's best effort since Sign "O" the Times. The album is now out-of-print. Chaos and Disorder, released in 1996, was Prince's final album of new material for Warner Bros., as well as one of his least commercially successful releases. Prince attempted a major comeback later that year when, free of any further contractual obligations to Warner Bros., he released Emancipation, a 36-song, 3-CD set (each disc was exactly 60 minutes long). The album was released via his own NPG Records with distribution through EMI. To publish his songs on Emancipation, Prince did not use Controversy Music – ASCAP, which he had used for all his records since 1981, but rather used Emancipated Music Inc.[71] – ASCAP.
Certified Platinum by the RIAA, Emancipation is the first record featuring covers by Prince of songs of other artists: Joan Osborne's top ten hit song of 1995 "One of Us";[72] "Betcha by Golly Wow!" (written by Thomas Randolf Bell and Linda Creed);[73] "I Can't Make You Love Me" (written by James Allen Shamblin II and Michael Barry Reid);[74] and "La-La (Means I Love You)" (written by Thomas Randolf Bell and William Hart).[75]
Prince released Crystal Ball, a 5-CD collection of unreleased material, in 1998. The distribution of this album was disorderly, with some fans pre-ordering the album on his website up to a year before it was eventually shipped to them; these pre-orders were eventually delivered months after the record had gone on sale in retail stores. The retail edition has only four discs, as it is missing the Kamasutra disc. There are also two different packaging editions for retail, one being in a 4-disc sized jewel case with a simple white cover and the Love Symbol in a colored circle; the other is all four discs in a round translucent snap jewel case. The discs are the same, as is the CD jacket. The Newpower Soul album released three months later failed to make much of an impression on the charts. His collaboration on Chaka Khan's Come 2 My House, and Larry Graham's GCS2000, both released on the NPG Records label around the same time as Newpower Soul met with the same fate, despite heavy promotion and live appearances on Vibe with Sinbad, and the NBC Today show's Summer Concert Series.
In 1999, Prince once again signed with a major label, Arista Records, to release a new record, Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic. In an attempt to make his new album a success, Prince easily gave more interviews than at any other point in his career, appearing on MTV's Total Request Live (with his album cover on the front of the Virgin Megastore, in the background on TRL throughout the whole show), Larry King Live (with Larry Graham) and other media outlets. Nevertheless, Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic failed to perform well commercially. A few months earlier, Warner Bros. had also released The Vault: Old Friends 4 Sale, a collection of unreleased material recorded by Prince throughout his career, and his final recording commitment on his contract with Warner Bros. The greatest success he had during the year was with the EP 1999: The New Master, released in time for Prince to collect a small portion of the sales dollars Warner Bros. had been seeing for the album and singles of the original 1999.
The pay-per-view concert, Rave Un2 the Year 2000, was broadcast on December 31, 1999 and consisted of footage from the December 17 and 18 concerts of his 1999 tour. The concert featured appearances by many guest musicians including Lenny Kravitz, George Clinton, Jimmy Russell, and The Time. It was released to home video the following year. A remix album, Rave In2 the Joy Fantastic (as opposed to "Un2") was released exclusively through Prince's NPG Music Club in April 2000.
Turnaround and Musicology: 2000–05
On May 16, 2000, Prince ceased using the Love Symbol moniker and returned to using "Prince" again, after his publishing contract with Warner/Chappell expired. In a press conference, he stated that, after being freed from undesirable relationships associated with the name "Prince", he would formally revert to using his real name. Prince still frequently uses the symbol as a logo and on album artwork and continues to play a Love Symbol-shaped guitar.
For several years following the release of Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic, Prince primarily released new music through his Internet subscription service, NPGOnlineLtd.com (later NPGMusicClub.com). Two albums that show substantive jazz influence were available commercially at record stores: 2001's The Rainbow Children, and the 2003 instrumental record N.E.W.S which was nominated for a Best Pop Instrumental Album Grammy Award. Another album of largely jazz-influenced music, Xpectation, was released via download in 2003 to members of the NPGMusicClub. Xpectation is jazz themed along with new age and atmospheric themes.
In 2002, Prince released his first live album, One Nite Alone... Live!, which features performances from the One Nite Alone...Tour. The 3-CD box set, which also includes a disc of "aftershow" music entitled It Ain't Over!, failed to chart. During this time, Prince sought to engage more effectively with his fan base via the NPG Music Club, pre-concert sound checks, and at yearly "celebrations" at Paisley Park, his music studios. Fans were invited into the studio for tours, interviews, discussions and music-listening sessions. Some of these fan discussions were filmed for an unreleased documentary, directed by Kevin Smith. Smith discusses what happened during those days at length in his An Evening with Kevin Smith DVD. Performances were also arranged to showcase Prince's talents, as well as to collaborate with popular and well-established artists and guests including Alicia Keys, the Time, Erykah Badu, Nikka Costa, George Clinton, and Norah Jones.
On February 8, 2004, Prince appeared at the Grammy Awards with Beyoncé Knowles. In a performance that opened the show, Prince and Knowles performed a medley of "Purple Rain", "Let's Go Crazy", "Baby I'm a Star", and Knowles' "Crazy in Love" to positive reviews. The following month, Prince was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame. The award was presented to him by Alicia Keys along with Big Boi and André 3000 of OutKast. As well as performing a trio of his own hits during the ceremony, Prince also participated in a tribute to fellow inductee George Harrison in a rendering of Harrison's "While My Guitar Gently Weeps", playing a long guitar solo that ended the song. In addition he performed "Red House" on the album Power of Soul: A Tribute to Jimi Hendrix.
On February 19, The Tavis Smiley Show broadcast included a performance of "Reflection" from Prince's Musicology album. Prince was accompanied by Wendy Melvoin, formerly of The Revolution.
In April 2004, Prince released Musicology through a one-album agreement with Columbia Records. The album rose as high as the top five on a number of international charts (including the U.S, UK, Germany and Australia). The U.S. chart success was assisted by the CD being included as part of the concert ticket purchase, and each CD thereby qualifying (as chart rules then stood) towards U.S. chart placement. Musicology is R&B and soul themed along with funk, pop, quiet storm, and rock. Three months later, Spin named him the greatest frontman of all time.[76]
That same year, Rolling Stone magazine named Prince as the highest-earning musician in the world, with an annual income of $56.5 million,[77] largely due to his Musicology Tour, which Pollstar named as the top concert draw among musicians in U.S. The artist played an impressive run of 96 concerts; the average ticket price for a show was U.S.$61. Further highlighting the success of the album, Prince's Musicology went on to receive two Grammy wins, for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for "Call My Name" and Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance for the title track. Musicology was also nominated for Best R&B Song and Best R&B Album, while "Cinnamon Girl" was nominated for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance. The album became the artist's most commercially successful since Diamonds and Pearls, partly due to a radical scheme devised which included in Billboard's sales figures those that were distributed to each customer during ticket sales for the Musicology tour, with concert figures accounting for 25% of the total album sales.[78]
Rolling Stone magazine has ranked Prince No.27 on their list of 100 Greatest Artists of All Time.[8]
In April 2005, Prince played guitar (along with En Vogue singing backing vocals) on Stevie Wonder's single "So What the Fuss", Wonder's first since 1999.[79]
In the aftermath of Hurricane Katrina, which devastated the city of New Orleans on August 29, 2005, Prince offered a personal response by recording two new songs, "S.S.T." and the instrumental "Brand New Orleans", at Paisley Park in the early hours of September 2. Prince again performed all instrumental and vocal parts. These recordings were quickly dispersed to the public via Prince's NPG Music Club, and "S.S.T." was later picked up by iTunes, where it reached No.1 on the store's R&B chart. On October 25, Sony Records released a version of the single on CD.
Move to Universal and 3121: 2005–06
In late 2005 Prince signed with Universal Records to release his album, 3121, on March 21, 2006 (3/21). The first single was the Latin-tinged "Te Amo Corazón", the video for which was directed by actress Salma Hayek and filmed in Marrakech, Morocco, featuring Argentine actress and singer Mía Maestro. The video for the second single, "Black Sweat", was nominated at the MTV VMAs for Best Cinematography. The immediate success of 3121 gave Prince his first No.1 debut on the Billboard 200 with the album.
To promote the new album, Prince was the musical guest on Saturday Night Live on February 4, 2006, seventeen years after his last SNL appearance on the 15th anniversary special and nearly 25 years since his first appearance on a regular episode in 1981, making Prince the only SNL musical guest to have that long of a gap between appearances. He performed two songs from the album, "Fury" and "Beautiful, Loved & Blessed", with Támar. Prince also held a contest to win a trip to see a 'Purple Ticket Concert' at his private residence in Hollywood, California. Seven winning tickets were placed inside 3121 CD packages in the U.S., and other tickets were given away in various contests on the Internet and around the world. On May 6, 2006, twenty-four prize winners (with a guest each) attended a star-studded private party and performance at Prince's home.
On June 12, 2006, Prince received a Webby Lifetime Achievement Award in recognition of his "visionary" use of the Internet; Prince was the first major artist to release an entire album, 1997's Crystal Ball, exclusively on the Internet (although he did take phone orders for it as well...1-800-NEW-FUNK).
Only weeks after winning a Webby Award, Prince abruptly shut down his then-official NPG Music Club website at 12:00 am on July 4, 2006 after over five years of operation. The NPG Music Club sent out an email, claiming that "in its current 4m there is a feeling that the NPGMC gone as far as it can go. In a world without limitations and infinite possibilities, has the time come 2 once again make a leap of faith and begin anew? These r ?s we in the NPG need 2 answer. In doing so, we have decided 2 put the club on hiatus until further notice." On the day of the music club's shutdown, a lawsuit was filed against Prince by the British company HM Publishing (owners of the Nature Publishing Group, also NPG). Despite these events occurring on the same day, Prince's attorney has called it pure coincidence and stated that the site did not close due to the trademark dispute.[80]
Prince appeared at multiple award ceremonies in 2006. On February 15, 2006, Prince performed at the BRIT Awards along with Wendy & Lisa and Sheila E. He played "Te Amo Corazón" and "Fury" from 3121 and "Purple Rain" and "Let's Go Crazy" from Purple Rain. On June 27, 2006, Prince appeared at the BET Awards, where he was awarded Best Male R&B Artist. In addition to receiving his award, Prince performed a medley of Chaka Khan songs for Khan's BET Lifetime Award. Prince had previously written and performed several songs with the singer. In November 2006, Prince was inducted into the UK Music Hall of Fame, appearing to collect his award but not performing. Also in November 2006, Prince opened a nightclub named 3121 in Las Vegas at the Rio All Suite Hotel and Casino. He performed weekly on Friday and Saturday nights until April 2007, when his contract with the Rio ended.
On August 22, 2006, Prince released Ultimate Prince. The double disc set contains one CD of previous hits, and another of extended versions and mixes of material that had largely only previously been available on vinyl record B-sides.
Prince wrote and performed a song for the hit 2006 animated film Happy Feet. The song, entitled "The Song of the Heart", appears on the film's soundtrack, which also features a cover of Prince's earlier hit "Kiss", sung by Nicole Kidman and Hugh Jackman. In January 2007, "The Song of the Heart" won a Golden Globe for Best Original Song.[81] Prince arrived late, apparently due to traffic problems, and thus was unable to make an acceptance speech, but actor Hugh Grant prompted him later in the ceremony to take a bow.
Super Bowl XLI and Planet Earth: 2007–08

 

 Prince's stage set for the Earth Tour in 2007
On February 2, 2007, Prince played at the Super Bowl XLI press conference. He and the band played a set comprising Chuck Berry's hit, "Johnny B. Goode", "Anotherloverholenyohead" from Parade and "Get On the Boat" from 3121. Prince performed at the Super Bowl XLI halftime show in Miami, Florida on February 4, 2007. The performance consisted of three Purple Rain tracks ("Let's Go Crazy", "Baby I'm a Star" and the title track), along with cover versions of "We Will Rock You" by Queen, "All Along the Watchtower" by Bob Dylan, the Foo Fighters song "Best of You" and "Proud Mary" by Creedence Clearwater Revival. Coincidentally, Miami had rain on the day of the Super Bowl, which was lit purple during the performance of "Purple Rain". He played on a large stage shaped as his symbol. The event was carried to 140 million television viewers, the largest audience of his life. On February 4, 2010, Billboard.com ranked the performance as the greatest Super Bowl performance ever.[82]
Prince played 21 concerts in London during the summer of 2007. The Earth Tour included 21 nights at the 20,000 capacity O2 Arena, with Maceo Parker in his band. Tickets for the O2 Arena were priced at £31.21 (including a free copy of Prince's latest album), in order to make the concerts "affordable for everybody". The residency at the O2 Arena was increased to 15 nights after all 140,000 tickets for the original seven sold out in just 20 minutes.[83] It was then further extended to 21 nights.[84]
On May 10, 2007, Prince performed a 'secret' gig at London's KOKO in front of a small crowd of fans and celebrities. Tickets went on sale that morning on a first-come-first-served basis (again at £31.21). A prelude to the forthcoming summer gigs in London, Prince played a relaxed set of classic hits ("Kiss", changing the lyric from "You don't have to watch Dynasty" to Desperate Housewives, "Girls & Boys", and "Nothing Compares 2 U") alongside more recent tracks, plus a well-received cover version of Gnarls Barkley's "Crazy".
Prince made an appearance at the 2007 ALMA Awards, performing with Sheila E. in June 2007. On June 28, 2007, the UK national newspaper the Mail on Sunday revealed that it had made a deal to give Prince's new album, Planet Earth, away for free with an "imminent" edition of the paper, making it the first place in the world to get the album. This move sparked controversy among music distributors and also led the UK arm of Prince's distributor, Sony BMG, to withdraw from distributing the album in UK stores.[85] The UK's largest high street music retailer, HMV, decided to stock the paper on release day due to the giveaway. Planet Earth is rock-oriented along with disco, and other various music styles.
On July 7, 2007 Prince returned to his hometown of Minneapolis to perform three shows in what was unofficially declared Prince Day in Minnesota. He performed concerts at the Macy's Auditorium (to promote his new perfume "3121") on Nicollet Mall, the Target Center arena, and First Avenue.[86] It was the first time he had played at First Avenue (the club appeared in the film Purple Rain) since 1987.[87]

 

 Prince playing with Maceo Parker in the O2
On April 25, 2008, Prince performed on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno, where he debuted a new song, "Turn Me Loose". Days after, he headlined the Coachella Festival 2008. Prince was paid more than $5 million for his performance at Coachella, according to Reuters.[88]
Prince cancelled a concert, planned at Dublin's Croke Park on June 16, 2008, at just 10 days' notice. In October 2009 promoters MCD Productions went to court to sue Prince for €1.6 million, after paying him $1.5 million, half his agreed fee of $3 million for the concert. MCD claim they had to refund 55,126 tickets purchased and its total losses exceeded $1.66 million. Prince's lawyers argued the MCD claim was "greatly inflated".[89][90] Prince settled the case out of court in February 2010 for $2.95 million.[91][92] During the trial, it was revealed that Prince had been offered $22 million for seven concerts as part of a proposed 2008 European tour.[93]
In October 2008, Prince released a live album entitled Indigo Nights, as well as 21 Nights, an accompanying book of poems, lyrics and photos. The book chronicled his record-breaking tenure at London's O2 Arena in 2007, while the album is a collection of songs performed live at aftershows in the IndigO2.
LOtUSFLOW3R and beyond: 2008–10

 

 Prince at the Coachella Festival in 2008
On December 18, 2008, Prince premiered four songs from his new album on LA's Indie rock radio station Indie 103.1.[94] The radio station's programmers Max Tolkoff and Mark Sovel had been invited to Prince's home to hear the new rock oriented music. Prince then surprised the two by giving them a CD with 4 songs to premiere on their radio station. The music debuted the next day on Jonesy's Jukebox, hosted by Sex Pistol Steve Jones.[95] The music comprised a cover of "Crimson and Clover" by Tommy James and the Shondells, together with "Colonized Mind", "Wall of Berlin" and "4ever". The same day, another new Prince composition entitled "(There'll Never B) Another Like Me" premiered on the now obsolete and defunct website, mplsound.com — replacing a shorter, instrumental version of the song which streamed several days previously.
On January 3, 2009, a new website LotusFlow3r.com was launched, streaming some of the recently aired material ("Crimson and Clover", "(There'll Never B) Another Like Me" and "Here Eye Come") and promising opportunities to listen to and buy music by Prince and guests, watch videos and buy concert tickets for future events. On January 31, Prince released two more songs on LotusFlow3r.com: "Disco Jellyfish", and "Another Boy". "Chocolate Box", "Colonized Mind", and "All This Love" have since been released on the website.
Prince released a triple album set containing LOtUSFLOW3R, MPLSoUND, and an album credited to his new protégé, Bria Valente, called Elixer, on March 24, 2009, followed by a physical release on March 29. The release was preceded by performances on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and The Ellen DeGeneres Show. It was released in other countries digitally, with official physical release dates yet to be announced. The album peaked at No.2 on the Billboard 200, and critics' opinions were mixed to positive.
On July 18, 2009, Prince performed two shows at the Montreux Jazz Festival, being backed by the New Power Generation including Rhonda Smith, Renato Neto and John Blackwell. There he played "A Large Room with No Light" which had been in Prince's "vault" for some time.
On October 11, 2009, Prince gave two surprise concerts at the glass-and-iron Grand Palais exhibition hall after visiting the landmark Paris building on the banks of the Seine.[96] On October 12, he gave another surprise gig at La Cigale. On October 24, Prince played a concert at his own Paisley Park complex in Minneapolis, Minnesota.[97]
20Ten, rejection of the Internet and Welcome 2: 2010–2012
In January 2010, Prince wrote a new song, "Purple and Gold", inspired by his visit to a Minnesota Vikings football game against the Dallas Cowboys.[98] The song is a simple, drumline-driven track. The following month, Prince let Minneapolis-area public radio station 89.3 The Current premiere his new song "Cause and Effect" as a gesture in support of independent radio.[99]
In a poll by BBC Radio 6 Music listeners in April 2010, Prince was ranked the eighth-best guitarist of the previous 30 years.[100] Prince was also listed in TIME magazine's 2010 annual ranking of the "100 Most Influential People in the World".[101]
Prince released a new single on Minneapolis radio station 89.3 The Current called "Hot Summer" on June 7, his 52nd birthday. Also in June, Prince appeared on the cover of the July 2010 issue of Ebony,[102] and he received the Lifetime Achievement Award at the 2010 BET Awards.[103]
Prince released his album 20Ten in July 2010 as a free covermount with publications in the UK, Belgium, Germany, and France.[104] Prince has refused access to the album to digital download services. He also closed his official website, LotusFlow3r.com. In an interview with the Daily Mirror, Prince said, "The Internet's completely over. I don't see why I should give my new music to iTunes or anyone else. They won't pay me an advance for it and then they get angry when they can't get it... Anyway, all these computers and digital gadgets are no good. They just fill your head with numbers and that can't be good for you."[105]
On July 4, 2010 Prince began his 20Ten Tour, a concert tour in two legs with shows in Europe. The second leg began on October 15[106] and ended with a concert following the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix on November 14.[107] The second half of the tour has a new band, John Blackwell, Ida Kristine Nielsen, and Sheila E.[108] Prince let Europe 1 debut the snippet of his new song "Rich Friends" from the "new" album 20Ten Deluxe on October 8, 2010.[109] Prince started the Welcome 2 Tour on December 15, 2010.[110]
Prince was inducted in the Grammy Hall of Fame on December 7, 2010.[111]
On February 12, 2011, Prince presented Barbra Streisand with an award and donated $1.5 million to charities.[112] On the same day, it was reported that he was unimpressed about Glee covering his hit "Kiss", and that he had not authorised this.[113]
On the May 18, 2011, it was announced that Prince would be headlining Hop Farm Festival on July 3, 2011, marking his first UK show since 2007 and his first ever UK festival appearance.[114]
Despite having previously rejected the Internet for music distribution, on November 24, 2011 Prince re-released a reworked version of the previously unreleased song "Extraloveable" through both iTunes and Spotify.[115][116][117] Purple Music, a Switzerland based record label released a CD single "Dance 4 Me" on Dec 12, 2011 as part of a club remixes package including Bria Valente CD single "2 Nite" released on February 23, 2012. The CD features club remixes by Jamie Lewis and David Alexander, produced by Prince.[118][119]


2013 "A Big year" From 3rdeyegirl to present
On January 2013, Prince released a lyric video for a new song called "Screwdriver".[120]
In April 2013 prince announced a short West Coast tour with 3rdeyegirl as his backing band. [121] The final two dates of the tour were in Minneapolis where former Revolution drummer Bobby Z sat in as guest drummer on both shows.[122]
In May 2013 Prince announced a deal with Kobalt Music to market and distribute his music.[123] Later that month "Fixurlifeup", the first single of Prince & 3rdeyegirl is released on iTunes, Spotify and other platforms. A video is also released on Vevo.
On June 29th 2013 Prince performed at George Lucas' wedding reception and at Chicago's City Winery the same night.[124]
On July 12th, 13th & 14th 2013 Prince performed 3 nights at the Montreux Jazz Festival, the first two nights were with the newly expanded NPG and the final night was with 3RDEYEGIRL[125]

 On August 4th 2013 Prince and 3RDEYEGIRL played the closing night of the Stockholm Music & Arts Festival[126]
Personal life
Over the years Prince has been romantically linked with many celebrities, including Kim Basinger, Madonna, Vanity, Sheila E., Carmen Electra, Susanna Hoffs, Anna Fantastic,[16] Sherilyn Fenn,[127] and Susan Moonsie of Vanity 6 and Apollonia 6.[19] Prince was engaged to Susannah Melvoin in 1985.[128] He married his backup singer and dancer, Mayte Garcia, on Valentine's Day, 1996. They had a son, Boy Gregory (born October 16, 1996), who was born with Pfeiffer syndrome and died a week after birth.[129] Prince and Mayte divorced in 1999. In 2001, Prince married Manuela Testolini in a private ceremony. Testolini filed for divorce in May 2006.[130] He also had a short-term relationship with protégée Bria Valente in 2007.[105]
Prince became a member of the Jehovah's Witnesses in 2001 following a two-year-long debate with friend and fellow Jehovah's Witness, musician Larry Graham. Prince said he didn't consider it a conversion, but a "realization"; "It's like Morpheus and Neo in The Matrix", he explained. He attends meetings at a local Kingdom Hall and occasionally knocks on people's doors to discuss his faith.[131] Prince has reportedly needed double-hip-replacement surgery since 2005 but won't undergo the operation unless it is a bloodless surgery because Jehovah's Witnesses do not accept blood transfusions.[132] The condition is rumored to be aggravated by repeated onstage dancing in high-heeled boots.[133] However, when Prince was interviewed in 2010, journalist Peter Willis said he believed the rumors of Prince needing double hip surgery to be unfounded and untrue as Prince appeared to be agile.[105]
Prince is a vegetarian. In 2006 he was voted the "world's sexiest vegetarian" in PETA's annual online poll.[134] The liner notes for his album Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic featured a message about the cruelty involved in wool production.[135]
Prince is a supporter of the Minneapolis football team Minnesota Vikings.[98] He resides near Minneapolis, Minnesota.[136]
Stage names
In 1993, during negotiations regarding the release of Prince's album The Gold Experience, a legal battle ensued between Warner Bros. and Prince over the artistic and financial control of Prince's output. During the lawsuit, Prince appeared in public with the word "slave" written on his cheek. Prince explained his name change as follows:

The first step I have taken toward the ultimate goal of emancipation from the chains that bind me to Warner Bros. was to change my name from Prince to the Love Symbol. Prince is the name that my mother gave me at birth. Warner Bros. took the name, trademarked it, and used it as the main marketing tool to promote all of the music that I wrote. The company owns the name Prince and all related music marketed under Prince. I became merely a pawn used to produce more money for Warner Bros... I was born Prince and did not want to adopt another conventional name. The only acceptable replacement for my name, and my identity, was the Love Symbol, a symbol with no pronunciation, that is a representation of me and what my music is about. This symbol is present in my work over the years; it is a concept that has evolved from my frustration; it is who I am. It is my name.[137]
Prince is a trademark owned by Paisley Park Enterprises Inc. It was initially filed with the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) in 2005 in the categories of printed materials, clothing, electronic commerce, and entertainment services based on first commercial in 1978.[138] Various searches to the USPTO did not find any registrations or transfers of "Prince" or related names by Warner Bros. In 1991, PRN Music Corporation assigned the trademarks Prince, The Time, Paisley Park, New Power Generation, and Prince and the Revolution to Paisley Park Enterprises.[139]
Prince has used pseudonyms to separate himself from the music (either his own or that of others) for which he has had input; "I was just getting tired of seeing my name," he said, "If you give away an idea, you still own that idea. In fact, giving it away strengthens it. Why do people feel they have to take credit for everything they do? Ego, that's the only reason."[140] These pseudonyms include: Jamie Starr and The Starr Company (for the songs he wrote for the Time and many other artists from 1981–1984),[141][142] Joey Coco (for many unreleased Prince songs in the late 1980s, as well as songs written for Sheena Easton & Kenny Rogers),[143] Paisley Park (occasionally used in the early 1990s for his production credits on songs, including those written for Martika and Kid Creole),[144] Alexander Nevermind (for writing the 1984 song "Sugar Walls" by Sheena Easton),[145] and Christopher (used for his song writing credit of "Manic Monday" for the Bangles).[146]
Copyright issues
On September 14, 2007, Prince announced that he was going to sue YouTube and eBay because they "are clearly able [to] filter porn and pedophile material but appear to choose not to filter out the unauthorized music and film content which is core to their business success." Web Sheriff, the international Internet policing company he hired, told Reuters: "The problem is that one can reduce it to zero and then the next day there will be 100 or 500 or whatever. This carries on ad nauseam at Prince's expense."[147][148]
In October 2007, Stephanie Lenz filed a lawsuit against Universal Music Publishing Group, claiming they were abusing copyright law, after the music publisher had YouTube take down Lenz's home movie in which the Prince song "Let's Go Crazy" played faintly in the background.[149]
On November 5, 2007, several fan sites of Prince formed "Prince Fans United" to fight back against legal requests they claim Prince made to cease and desist all use of photographs, images, lyrics, album covers and anything linked to Prince's likeness.[150] While Prince's lawyers claimed that the use of such representations constituted copyright infringement, the Prince Fans United claimed that the legal actions were "attempts to stifle all critical commentary about Prince." A few days later, Prince released a statement denying the fansites' claims, stating "The action taken earlier this week was not to shut down fansites, or control comment in any way. The issue was simply to do with in regards to copyright and trademark of images and only images, and no lawsuits have been filed." The statement from AEG, Prince's promoter, asserted that the only "offending items" on the three fansites were live shots from Prince's 21 nights in London at the O2 Arena earlier in the year.[151]
On November 8, 2007, Prince Fans United received a song named "PFUnk", providing a kind of "unofficial answer" to their movement. The song, originally debuted on the PFU main site,[152] was retitled "F.U.N.K." and is available on iTunes.
On November 14, 2007, it was reported that the satirical website b3ta.com had pulled their "image challenge of the week" devoted to Prince after legal threats from the star under the Digital Millennium Copyright Act. B3ta co-founder Rob Manuel wrote on the site: "Under threat of legal action from Prince's legal team of 'potential closure of your web site' – We have removed the Prince image challenge and B3ta apologizes unreservedly to AEG / NPG and Prince for any offence caused. We also ask our members to avoid photoshopping Prince and posting them on our boards.[153]
At the 2008 Coachella Music Festival, Prince performed a cover of Radiohead's "Creep", but immediately after he forced YouTube and other sites to remove footage that fans had taken of the performance, despite Radiohead's demand for it to remain on the website.[154] Days later, YouTube reinstated the videos, while Radiohead claimed "it's our song, let people hear it." In 2009, Prince put the video of that Coachella performance on his then-official website LotusFlow3r.com.
In 2013 the Electronic Frontier Foundation granted to Prince the inaugural " Raspberry Beret Lifetime Aggrievement Award," [155] a reference to resentment of parties who allege unfair treatment and misuse of copyright claims by the artist and his lawyers. [156]
Discography
Main articles: Prince albums discography and Prince singles discography
Prince has sold over 100 million records worldwide in his career.[3]
For You (1978)
Prince (1979)
Dirty Mind (1980)
Controversy (1981)
1999 (1982)
Purple Rain (1984)
Around the World in a Day (1985)
Parade (1986)
Sign "O" the Times (1987)
Lovesexy (1988)
Batman (1989)
Graffiti Bridge (1990)
Diamonds and Pearls (1991)
Love Symbol Album Prince logo.svg (1992)
Come (1994)
The Black Album (1994)
The Gold Experience (1995)
Chaos and Disorder (1996)
Emancipation (1996)
Crystal Ball (1998)
Rave Un2 the Joy Fantastic (1999)
The Rainbow Children (2001)
One Nite Alone... (2002)
Xpectation (2003)
C-Note (2003)
N.E.W.S (2003)
The Chocolate Invasion (2004)
The Slaughterhouse (2004)
Musicology (2004)
3121 (2006)
Planet Earth (2007)
Lotusflow3r / MPLSound (2009)
20Ten (2010)
Filmography

Year
Film
Role

1984 Purple Rain The Kid
1986 Under the Cherry Moon Christopher Tracy
1987 Sign o' the Times Himself
1990 Graffiti Bridge The Kid

Tours
Prince Tour (1979–80)
Dirty Mind Tour (1980–81)
Controversy Tour (1981–82)
1999 Tour (1982–83)
Purple Rain Tour (1984–85)
Parade Tour (1986)
Sign o' the Times Tour (1987)
Lovesexy Tour (1988–89)
Nude Tour (1990)
Diamonds and Pearls Tour (1992)
Act I and II (1993)
The Ultimate Live Experience (1995)
Gold Tour (1996)
Love 4 One Another Charities Tour (1997)
Jam of the Year Tour (1997–98)
New Power Soul Tour/Festival (1998)
Hit n Run Tour (2000–01)
A Celebration (2001)
One Nite Alone... Tour (2002)
2003–2004 World Tour (2003–04)
Musicology Live 2004ever (2004)
Per4ming Live 3121 (2006–07)
21 Nights in London: The Earth Tour (2007)
20Ten Tour (2010)
Welcome 2 (2010–12)
Live Out Loud Tour w/3rdeyegirl (2013)
Awards and nominations
Grammy Awards
Earning 33 nominations, Prince has won seven Grammys. He also has had two albums − 1999 and Purple Rain − awarded the Grammy Hall of Fame Award.

Year
Nominated work
Award category
Result
1984 "International Lover" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Nominated
1985 Purple Rain Album of the Year Nominated
Purple Rain Best Rock Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Won
Purple Rain Best Score Soundtrack Album for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media Won
"I Feel for You" Best R&B Song Won
1987 "Kiss" Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Won
"Kiss" Best R&B Song Nominated
1988 Sign "O" the Times Album of the Year Nominated
"U Got the Look" Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Nominated
"U Got the Look" Best R&B Song Nominated
1990 Batman Best Male Pop Vocal Performance Nominated
"Batdance" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Nominated
1991 "Nothing Compares 2 U" Song of the Year Nominated
1992 "Gett Off" Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Nominated
1993 "Diamonds and Pearls" Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Nominated
1995 "The Most Beautiful Girl in the World" Best Male Pop Vocal Performance Nominated
1996 "Eye Hate U" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Nominated
The Gold Experience Best R&B Album Nominated
2004 N.E.W.S. Best Pop Instrumental Album Nominated
2005 "Cinnamon Girl" Best Male Pop Vocal Performance Nominated
"Call My Name" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Won
"Call My Name" Best R&B Song Nominated
"Musicology" Best Traditional R&B Vocal Performance Won
Musicology Best R&B Album Nominated
2007 "Black Sweat" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Nominated
"Beautiful, Loved and Blessed" Best R&B Performance by a Duo or Group with Vocal Nominated
"3121" Best Urban/Alternative Performance Nominated
"Black Sweat" Best R&B Song Nominated
3121 Best R&B Album Nominated
2008 "Future Baby Mama" Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Won
"The Song of the Heart" Best Song Written for a Motion Picture, Television or Other Visual Media Nominated
2010 "Dreamer" Best Solo Rock Vocal Performance Nominated
MTV Video Music Awards
The MTV Video Music Awards (VMAs) is an award show by cable network MTV to honor the top music videos of the year. It was first held in September 1984 and was originally meant as an alternative to the Grammy Awards in the video category. Prince has won four awards from twelve nominations throughout his career.

Year
Nominated work
Award category
Result
1985 "When Doves Cry" Best Choreography in a Video Nominated
1986 "Raspberry Beret" Best Choreography in a Video Won
1988 "U Got the Look" Best Male Video Won
Best Stage Performance in a Video Won
Best Choreography in a Video Nominated
Best Editing in a Video Nominated
1989 "I Wish U Heaven" Best Special Effects in a Video Nominated
1990 "Batdance" Best Video from a Film Nominated
1992 "Cream" Best Dance Video Won
1993 "7" Best R&B Video Nominated
2004 "Musicology" Best Male Video Nominated
2006 "Black Sweat" Best Cinematography in a Video Nominated
See also
Book icon Book: Prince

List of best-selling music artists
List of best-selling music artists in the United States
Unreleased Prince projects
References
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40.^ Draper, p. 80
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43.^ Draper, p. 81.
44.^ a b c Draper, p. 86–87
45.^ a b Hahn 2003, p. 118.
46.^ Draper, p. 90
47.^ Draper, p. 92
48.^ Draper, p. 91
49.^ Hahn 2003, pp. 121–122.
50.^ Draper, p. 93
51.^ "Lovesexy". Billboard magazine. Retrieved January 13, 2009.[dead link]
52.^ Draper, p. 94
53.^ Hahn 2003, pp. 152–153.
54.^ Draper, p. 95
55.^ Hahn 2003, pp. 155–156.
56.^ Draper, p. 96
57.^ Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. "Batman". Billboard. Retrieved 2009-01-13.[dead link]
58.^ Hahn 2003, p. 157.
59.^ Hahn 2003, p. 166.
60.^ Draper, p. 104
61.^ "Graffiti Bridge". Billboard. Retrieved January 13, 2001.[dead link]
62.^ Draper, p. 105
63.^ Hahn 2003, p. 177.
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65.^ Prince & The New Power Generation Discography. Discogs. Retrieved April 15, 2009.
66.^ a b Carter, Andrew (June 23, 1999). "The People Formerly Known as Fans". City Pages. Retrieved December 12, 2007.
67.^ "Billboard Chart positions for Prince". Retrieved May 29, 2010.
68.^ a b Hahn 2003, p. 187.
69.^ Hahn 2003, pp. 192–193.
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71.^ "ASCAP profile for Emancipated Music". Ascap.com. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
72.^ "''Billboard'' chart history for "One Of Us"". Billboard. Archived from the original on May 21, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
73.^ "BMI credits for "Betcha By Golly Wow!"". Repertoire.bmi.com. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
74.^ "BMI credits for "I Can't Make You Love Me"". Ascap.com. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
75.^ "BMI credits for "La-La Means I Love You"". Repertoire.bmi.com. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
76.^ "Prince Tops Frontmen Poll". Contactmusic.com. 27 July 2004. Archived from the original on 29 June 2013. Retrieved 29 June 2013.
77.^ "Prince crowned 'top music earner'". BBC. February 9, 2005.
78.^ D'Angelo, Joe (May 28, 2004). "Billboard Sours On Prince's Musicology Sales Experiment: Magazine changes policy on tallying albums sold with tickets". MTV.
79.^ "So What the Fuss credits". Discog.
80.^ Finn, Natalie (July 12, 2006). "Prince Site Fades to Black". E!.
81.^ "Golden Globe Awards". goldenglobes.org.
82.^ Dave Hoekstra (February 5, 2007). "Purple rain turned super". Chicago Sun-Times. Retrieved February 5, 2007
83.^ "Prince shows sell out in minutes". NME. UK. May 11, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
84.^ "Prince extends tour". Yahoo! Music News. June 11, 2007. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
85.^ Allen, Katie (June 29, 2007). "Music industry attacks Sunday newspaper's free Prince CD". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved July 18, 2009.
86.^ DeRusha, Jason (July 7, 2007). "Prince Thrills Fans With 3 Minneapolis Shows". wcco.com.
87.^ "Prince plays 3 shows in his hometown". USA Today. July 8, 2007.
88.^ Sulugiuc, Gelu (April 28, 2008). "Prince reigns at California music festival". Reuters.
89.^ Mary Carolan (October 13, 2009). "No solid reason given for Prince no-show, court told". The Irish TImes. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
90.^ Mary Carolan (December 9, 2009). "Prince told to furnish documents in MCD case". The Irish TImes. Retrieved February 27, 2010.
91.^ "Prince settles cancelled Dublin gig case". BBC. February 26, 2010.
92.^ Pogatchnik, Shawn (March 26, 2010). "Prince ordered to pay Irish promoter $3 million". Associated Press.[dead link]
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94.^ Prince Premieres Four New Songs On L.A.'s Indie 103; New Album On the Way | Music News. Rolling Stone (December 18, 2008). Retrieved on 2012-04-16.
95.^ Powers, Ann (December 19, 2008). "103.1 debuts new Prince tracks". Los Angeles Times.
96.^ Tickets to Prince's Paris shows sell out in 77 minutes, AFP, October 8, 2009
97.^ Anthony, Steven (October 26, 2009). "All Day, All Night – How I Spent My Weekend At Paisley Park". The Musictionary.
98.^ a b "Prince Releases Minnesota Vikings Song". myfox9.com. January 21, 2010.
99.^ Kreps, Daniel (February 26, 2010). "Prince Gives New "Cause and Effect" to Minnesota Public Radio". Rolling Stone.
100.^ "BBC 6Music: The Axe Factor". BBC. April 9, 2010.
101.^ "Full List – The 2010 TIME 100". Time. April 29, 2010. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
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103.^ "Prince To Be Honored By BET". Billboard. September 14, 2009. Retrieved August 4, 2010.
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118.^ [1][dead link]
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123.^ http://www.drfunkenberry.com/2013/05/20/prince-kobalt-make-marketing-distribution-deal-official/
124.^ http://new.livestream.com/3RDEYEGIRL/events/2174650
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131.^ Hoffman, Claire (November 24, 2008). "Soup With Prince". The New Yorker (New York).
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134.^ Faber, Judy (May 22, 2006). "Prince Is Voted 'Sexiest Vegetarian'". CBS News.
135.^ Jet. June 12, 2006. p. 35.
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137.^ Heatley, Michael (2008). Where Were You... When the Music Played? 120 Unforgettable Moments in Music History. Penguin Books. p. 191. ISBN 978-0-7621-0988-3.
138.^ United States Patent and Trademark Office. Serial Number: 78561384; Registration Number: 3128896
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140.^ Coryat, Karl (November 1999). "His Highness Gets Down!". Bass Player.
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142.^ "Songs credited to The Starr Company".
143.^ "Songs credited to Joey Coco". Discogs.
144.^ "Songs credited to Paisley Park". Discogs.
145.^ "Songs credited to Alexander Nevermind". Discogs.
146.^ "Songs credited to Christopher". Discogs.
147.^ "Prince To Sue YouTube, eBay Over Unauthorized Content". Billboard. 2007.
148.^ Hamilton, Fiona (September 13, 2007). "Prince takes on YouTube over clips". The Times (London).
149.^ Francescani, Chris (October 26, 2007). "The Home Video Prince Doesn't Want You to See". ABC News.
150.^ Gibson, Owen (November 7, 2007). "Prince threatens to sue his fans over online images". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved July 18, 2009.
151.^ "Prince 'not suing fans': Singer hits back at fansite claims". NME. November 9, 2007.
152.^ Kreps, Daniel (November 9, 2007). "Prince Releases Diss Track As Battle With Fans Gets Funky". Rolling Stone.
153.^ Kiss, Jemima (November 15, 2007). "B3ta bates Prince". The Guardian (UK).
154.^ "Radiohead to Prince: Unblock 'Creep' cover videos". Yahoo!. May 30, 2008. Retrieved July 18, 2009.
155.^ https://www.eff.org/takedowns/prince-raspberry-beret-lifetime-aggrievement-award
156.^ https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2013/05/prince-inducted-takedown-hall-shame-new-lifetime-aggrievement-award
Further reading
Draper, Jason (2008). Prince: Life & Times. Jawbone Press. ISBN 978-1-906002-18-3.
Hahn, Alex (2004). Possessed: The Rise And Fall Of Prince. Billboard Books. ISBN 0-8230-7749-7.
Jones, Liz (1998). Purple Reign: The Artist Formerly Known as Prince. Birch Lane Press. ISBN 978-1-55972-448-7.
Uptown (2004). The Vault – The Definitive Guide to the Musical World of Prince. Nilsen Publishing. ISBN 91-631-5482-X.
External links
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Prince (musician) (category)

 Quotations related to Prince (musician) at Wikiquote
Prince at the Internet Movie Database
Prince at AllMusic
Prince at Billboard.com

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George Benson

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 
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For other people named George Benson, see George Benson (disambiguation).

George Benson
George Benson 2009.jpg
George Benson performing in Madrid 2009
 
Background information

Born
March 22, 1943 (age 70)
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States
Genres
Jazz, funk, rhythm and blues, soul
Occupations
Musician, songwriter
Instruments
Vocals, guitar, archtop guitar
Years active
1954 (as little George Benson)[1][2]
 1963–present
Labels
Prestige Records (1964–1965)
Columbia Records (1966–1967)
Verve Records (1968)
A&M Records (1968–1970)
CTI Records (1971–1976)
Warner Bros. Records (1976–1994)
GRP Records (1995–2005)
Concord Records (2006–present)
Associated acts
Jack McDuff, Earl Klugh, Al Jarreau, Joe Farrell, Count Basie Orchestra, McCoy Tyner, Joe Sample, Fuse One, Wes Montgomery, Django Reinhardt, Charlie Christian
Website
Official website
Notable instruments
Ibanez GB10 Signature Model
 Ibanez GB200 Signature Model
George Benson (born March 22, 1943)[3] is a ten-time Grammy Award-winning American musician. He began his professional career at twenty-one, as a jazz guitarist.
Benson first came to prominence in the 1960s, playing soul jazz with Jack McDuff and others. He then launched a successful solo career, alternating between jazz, pop, R&B singing, and scat singing. A one-time child prodigy, he topped the Billboard 200 in 1976 with the triple-platinum album, Breezin',[4] He was a major live attraction during the 1980s, and still has a large following.[4] Benson uses a rest-stroke picking technique similar to that of gypsy jazz players such as Django Reinhardt. He has received a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Biography 1.1 Early career and personal life
1.2 1970s and 1980s
1.3 Later and current career
2 Discography
3 Awards 3.1 Grammy Awards
4 References
5 External links

Biography[edit source]
Early career and personal life[edit source]
Benson was born and raised in the Hill District in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.[5][6] At the age of seven, he first played the ukulele in a corner drug store, for which he was paid a few dollars. At the age of eight, he played guitar[5] in an unlicensed nightclub on Friday and Saturday nights, but the police soon closed the club down.[citation needed] At the age of 10, he recorded his first single record, "She Makes Me Mad",[1] with RCA-Victor in New York, under the name "Little Georgie".[5]
Benson attended and graduated Schenley High School.[7][8] As a youth, instead, he learned how to play straight-ahead instrumental jazz during a relationship performing for several years with organist Jack McDuff. One of his many early guitar heroes was country-jazz guitarist Hank Garland.[9][10] At the age of 21, he recorded his first album as leader, The New Boss Guitar, featuring McDuff.[3] Benson's next recording was It's Uptown with the George Benson Quartet, including Lonnie Smith on organ and Ronnie Cuber on baritone saxophone.[3] Benson followed it up with The George Benson Cookbook, also with Lonnie Smith and Ronnie Cuber on baritone and drummer Marion Booker.[3] Miles Davis employed Benson in the mid-1960s, featuring his guitar on "Paraphernalia" on his 1968 Columbia release, Miles in the Sky before going to Verve Records.
Benson then signed with Creed Taylor's jazz label CTI Records, where he recorded several albums, with jazz heavyweights guesting, to some success, mainly in the jazz field. His 1974 release, Bad Benson, climbed to the top spot in the Billboard jazz chart, while the follow-ups, Good King Bad (#51 Pop album) and Benson and Farrell (with Joe Farrell), both reached the jazz top-three sellers. Benson also did a version of The Beatles's 1969 album Abbey Road called The Other Side of Abbey Road, also released in 1969, and a version of "White Rabbit", originally written and recorded by San Francisco rock group Great Society, and made famous by Jefferson Airplane.[3] Benson played on numerous sessions for other CTI artists during this time, including Freddie Hubbard and Stanley Turrentine, notably on the latter's acclaimed album Sugar.
Benson is a devout Jehovah's Witness and has been married to Johnnie Lee since 1965. Citing his faith, Benson describes his music as focusing more on love and romance, rather than sexuality.[11]
1970s and 1980s[edit source]


 
George Benson "Breezin'" (1976)




Title track sample from George Benson's Breezin′ album
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Problems playing this file? See media help.
By the mid- to late 1970s, as he recorded for Warner Bros. Records, a whole new audience began to discover Benson. With the 1976 release Breezin', Benson sang a lead vocal on the track "This Masquerade", which became a huge pop hit and won a Grammy Award for Record of the Year. (He had sung vocals infrequently on albums earlier in his career, notably his rendition of "Here Comes the Sun" on the Other Side of Abbey Road album.) The rest of the album is instrumental, including his rendition of the 1975 Jose Feliciano composition "Affirmation". Breezin′ was a significant album in terms of popular music history – the first jazz release to go platinum. In 1976, Benson toured with soul singer Minnie Riperton, who had been diagnosed with terminal breast cancer earlier that year. Also in 1976, George Benson appeared as a guitarist and backup vocalist on Stevie Wonder's song "Another Star" from Wonder's album Songs in the Key of Life. He also recorded the original version of "The Greatest Love of All" for the 1977 Muhammad Ali bio-pic, The Greatest, which was later covered by Whitney Houston as "Greatest Love of All".[12] During this time Benson recorded with the German conductor Claus Ogerman.[13] The live take of "On Broadway", recorded a few months later from the 1978 release Weekend in L.A., also won a Grammy. He has worked with Freddie Hubbard on a number of his albums throughout the 1960s, '70s and '80s. He joined the Jehovah's Witnesses in 1979, where he is still active to date.
The Qwest record label (a subsidiary of Warner Bros., run by Quincy Jones) released Benson's breakthrough pop album Give Me The Night, produced by Jones. Benson made it into the pop and R&B top ten with the song "Give Me the Night" (written by former Heatwave keyboardist Rod Temperton). More importantly, Quincy Jones encouraged Benson to search his roots for further vocal inspiration, and he re-discovered his love for Nat Cole, Ray Charles and Donny Hathaway in the process, influencing a string of further vocal albums into the '90s. Despite returning to his jazz and guitar playing most recently, this theme was reflected again much later in Benson's 2000 release Absolute Benson, featuring a cover of one of Hathaway's most notable songs, "The Ghetto". Benson accumulated three other platinum LPs and two gold albums.[12]
Later and current career[edit source]


 
George Benson – "This Masquerade"




Sample track from George Benson's Breezin' album (1976)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Problems playing this file? See media help.
In 1985 Benson and guitarist Chet Atkins went on the smooth jazz charts with their collaboration "Sunrise", one of two songs from the duo released on Atkins' disc Stay Tuned. In 1992, Benson appeared on Jack McDuff's Colour Me Blue album, his first appearance on a Concord album. Benson signed with Concord Records in 2005 and toured with Al Jarreau in America, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand to promote their 2006 multiple Grammy-winning album Givin' It Up. He played during the second Monsoon Cup in Terengganu in 2006 and also Malaysia's 50th Merdeka celebration alongside Jarreau in 2007.[citation needed] In May 2008, for the first time Benson took part in the Mawazine Festival in Morocco.[citation needed]
To commemorate the long-term relationship between Benson and Ibanez and to celebrate 30 years of collaboration on the GB Signature Models, Ibanez created the GB30TH, a very limited-edition model featuring a gold-foil finish inspired by the traditional Japanese Garahaku art form.[14] In 2009, Benson was recognized by the National Endowment of the Arts as a Jazz Master, the nation's highest honor in jazz.[15] Benson performed at the 49th issue of the Ohrid Summer Festival in Macedonia on July 25, 2009, and his tribute show to Nat King Cole An Unforgettable Tribute to Nat King Cole as part of the Istanbul International Jazz Festival in Turkey on July 27. In the fall of 2009, Benson finished recording a new album entitled Songs and Stories, with Marcus Miller, producer John Burk,[16] and session musicians David Paich and Steve Lukather.[17] As a part of the promotion for his recent Concord Music Group/Monster Music release Songs and Stories, Benson has appeared and/or performed on The Tavis Smiley Show,[18] Jimmy Kimmel Live![19] and Late Night with Jimmy Fallon.[20]
Benson toured throughout 2010 in North America, Europe and the Pacific Rim, including an appearance at the Singapore Sun Festival.[21] He performed at the Java Jazz Festival March 4–6, 2011. In 2011, Benson released the album Guitar Man—revisiting his '60s/early-'70s guitar-playing roots with a 12-song collection of covers of both jazz and pop standards overseen by producer John Burk.[22]
In June 2013, Benson released his fourth album for Concord Records, Inspiration: A Tribute to Nat King Cole, which featured Wynton Marsalis, Idina Menzel, Till Brönner, and Judith Hill.
Discography[edit source]

 

 Benson in September 2011
Main article: George Benson discography
Awards[edit source]
Grammy Awards[edit source]
List of Grammy Awards received by George Benson[23]

Year
Category
Title
Notes
1977 Best R&B Instrumental Performance "Theme from Good King Bad" 
1977 Best Pop Instrumental Performance Breezin' 
1977 Record of the Year "This Masquerade" Tommy LiPuma, producer
1979 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance "On Broadway" 
1981 Best Jazz Vocal Performance, Male "Moody's Mood" 
1981 Best R&B Instrumental Performance "Off Broadway" 
1981 Best Male R&B Vocal Performance Give Me the Night 
1984 Best Pop Instrumental Performance "Being with You" 
2007 Best Traditional R&B Performance "God Bless the Child" with Al Jarreau & Jill Scott
2007 Best Pop Instrumental Performance "Mornin'" 
References[edit source]
1.^ a b Australian ABCTV Flashez interview January 1, 1977.
2.^ 45 Discography for Groove Records
3.^ a b c d e allmusic Biography
4.^ a b Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 54. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.
5.^ a b c Bird, Christiane (2001). The Da Capo Jazz And Blues Lover's Guide to the U.s.. Da Capo Press. p. 196. ISBN 0306810344. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
6.^ Mitchem, Stephanie Y.; Townes, Emilie Maureen (2008). Faith, Health, and Healing in African American Life. ABC-CLIO. p. 111. ISBN 0275993752. Retrieved September 8, 2012.
7.^ "NEW – Pittsburgh's Schenley school – whose alums include Andy Warhol and George Benson – to close". The Tribune-Democrat. June 26, 2008. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
8.^ Smydo, Joe (December 10, 2005). "Panel to study if Schenley High can survive". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
9.^ Associated Press (July 8, 2004). "Hank Garland living in shadow of his greatness". MSNBC. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
10.^ Upchurch, Frances (December 20, 1978). "But Hank Sugarfoot Garland Was To Play His Guitar Again". Spartanburg Herald-Journal. Retrieved September 12, 2012.
11.^ Walden, Celia. "George Benson interview: love songs are one of the things in life that last". Telegraph. Telegraph. Retrieved 28 May 2013.
12.^ a b VH1 – Artists bio
13.^ Ogerman website
14.^ "Ibanez.com". Ibanez.com. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
15.^ National Endowment for the Arts (March 22, 1943). "NEA Jazz Masters: George Benson, Vocalist and Solo Instrumentalist (Guitar)". Nea.gov. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
16.^ "Biography". George Benson. August 25, 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
17.^ Stevelukather.net
18.^ "Tavis Smiley . Shows . George Benson . October 6, 2009". PBS. October 6, 2009. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
19.^ "Jimmy Kimmel Live Tomorrow Night, Wednesday Sep. 23!". George Benson. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
20.^ Mergner, Lee. "Jazz Articles: George Benson Appearing With The Roots on Late Night with Jimmy Fallon Show — By Lee Mergner — Jazz Articles". Jazztimes.com. Retrieved 2010-04-25.
21.^ YourSingapore.com – Music at Singapore Sun Festival
22.^ George Benson interview by Pete Lewis, Blues & Soul, May 2012.
23.^ "Past Winners Search". GRAMMY.com. Retrieved December 12, 2011.
External links[edit source]
Book icon Book: George Benson
 
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to: George Benson
Official website

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Jean Terrell

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 
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 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (November 2007) 

Jean Terrell

Born
November 26, 1944 (age 68)
Belzoni, Mississippi, United States
Origin
Chicago, Illinois, United States
Genres
R&B/soul/jazz
Occupations
Singer
Years active
1969–present
Labels
Motown (1970-1973),
A&M Records(1978)
Associated acts
Ernie Terrell and the Heavyweights, The Supremes, Former Ladies of the Supremes
Jean Terrell (born Velma Jean Terrell, November 26, 1944 in Belzoni, Mississippi) is an American R&B and jazz singer. She replaced Diana Ross as the lead singer of The Supremes in January 1970.[1]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Biography 1.1 Early life and career
1.2 The Supremes (1970-1973)
1.3 Solo career
1.4 Former Ladies of the Supremes
1.5 After the F.L.O.S.
2 References

Biography[edit]
Early life and career[edit]
She is the sister of the former WBA heavyweight boxing champion, Ernie Terrell, who fought Muhammad Ali.[1]
Moving from Belzoni, Mississippi to Chicago for a better life at an early age, Jean Terrell was guided by her family to sing, and it was in the late 1960s that she and her brother formed a group called Ernie Terrell and the Heavyweights.
The Supremes (1970-1973)[edit]
It was while singing in Miami, Florida where Motown president Berry Gordy discovered the 24-year-old singer performing with her brother at a club in Miami Beach. Looking for a replacement for his protegée, singer Diana Ross, who was leaving the group she had fronted during most of the 1960s, The Supremes, for a solo career, Gordy first signed Terrell to Motown as a solo artist, but then decided to drop her into The Supremes as Ross's replacement alongside continuing, fellow members Mary Wilson and Cindy Birdsong. Terrell then recorded much of the new post Ross Supremes material in the studios, and rehearsed the group's new act during the day with Wilson and Birdsong, while Ross, Wilson and Birdsong performed as Diana Ross & The Supremes at night.
After Ross's farewell show with the group at the Frontier Hotel in Las Vegas on January 14, 1970, Terrell joined the group on stage to be presented to the press and public. After this introduction, according to Mary Wilson, Gordy changed his mind about Terrell leading the group and suggested replacing her with another Motown act Syreeta Wright. Wilson vetoed this move, preferring to stick with Terrell.[2] Terrell made an instant impact fronting the new Supremes, recording prolifically and successfully with several of Motown's top producers. The revitalized Supremes scored more chart success right from the beginning of the new decade; scoring big in the United Kingdom, while managing several pop and soul hits in the United states. "Up the Ladder to the Roof", "Stoned Love", "River Deep – Mountain High" (with the Four Tops), "Nathan Jones", and "Floy Joy." After the success of "Floy Joy," Birdsong quit to start a family and was replaced by Lynda Laurence (a former member of Stevie Wonder's group Wonderlove). Despite the initial successes, toward the end of 1973, Terrell and Laurence decided that it would best for the Supremes to leave Motown and seek another record company. As Motown, and not Mary Wilson, owned the name "Supremes", both Terrell and Laurence left the group that year. All three Supremes were unhappy with Motown's seeming lack of interest in promoting this line-up of the group. In addition, Laurence was expecting a child at the time. So Scherrie Payne replaced Terrell and Cindy Birdsong returned to replace Laurence, although it would not be until 1975 that the group released any further recordings.
Solo career[edit]
Signing a contract with A&M Records, Terrell had finished a solo recording, I Had to Fall in Love, in 1978 but supposedly due to her Jehovah's Witness beliefs conflicting with promoting the recording in a specific way the record label wanted, she semi-retired.[citation needed] In the early 1980s Terrell put together a one woman show and did limited touring throughout the United States. Her act consisted of several Supremes songs, songs from her solo album and cover versions of songs by Bette Midler and Lionel Richie. Friend and former Supreme Lynda Laurence would often perform background vocals for Terrell during these tours. Another who performed backing vocals for Terrell during these tours was Freddi Poole, later a member of Scherrie & Lynda's group the F.L.O.S. (Former ladies of The Supremes).
Former Ladies of the Supremes[edit]
In 1985, eight years after the Supremes officially broke up in 1977, Scherrie Payne, the third and final Supremes lead singer, was signed to SuperStar International Records, an Los Angeles based record company. SuperStar approached her with the idea of reforming the Supremes, to which she agreed, and called on former Supremes Mary Wilson and Cindy Birdsong. Wilson declined, instead opting to forge a solo career, while Birdsong agreed and coaxed former Supreme Jean Terrell to join the new Supremes group.
The three of them set about forming a new incarnation of The Supremes, although due to contractual difficulties over the ownership of the name (Mary Wilson was involved in lengthy lawsuits with Motown over ownership and rights to the name) decided to create an entirely new group under the name "FLOS", The Former Ladies of the Supremes. Before the FLOS got off the ground, Birdsong left for a solo career recording briefly for U.K. based Hi-Hat Records. Former Supreme Lynda Laurence joined the lineup, replacing Cindy Birdsong just as she had in 1972; and in 1986, the group was officially formed. The group released the song "We're Back", backed with "Getaway", as 12-inch versions. It featured all three ladies showcasing their vocals with a contemporary pop sound. Because SuperStar International Records did not have national distribution, the song failed to chart and the label soon folded. The group began touring around this time, making their debut at The Wilshire Ebell Theatre in Los Angeles in 1987. Former Supreme Mary Wilson came along to show support to her former groupmates at this concert. Backing vocals at this concert were provided by Lynda's sister and soon-to-be group member, Sundray Tucker.
In 1989 the FLOS signed to British producer Ian Levine's Motorcity Records project, joining a roster of former Motown artists at the label. The first single by the FLOS on the new label was an original tune called "Crazy about the Guy" (MOTC 13), released during that summer, and featuring Jean on lead vocals. This single, together with all releases by the group on the Motorcity Records label ran the credit as Jean, Scherrie & Lynda Formerly of The Supremes. The follow-up single was a re-make of the classic Supremes hit "Stoned Love" (MOTC 56) which saw Scherrie and Jean splitting lead vocal duties between one another. The single's b-side contained a live version of "Crazy about the Guy". The next single was "I Want to Be Loved" (MOTC 77), showcasing the lead vocals of all three ladies. The b-side contained two remixes of the track. The final single for Motorcity, the Lynda-led "Hit & Miss" (MOTC 88), was released in 1991 and the ladies were credited as 'The Supremes' and all of their back catalogue of recordings made for Motorcity are marketed as just 'The Supremes' since then. The ladies also released a single with label-mates The Originals, called "Back By Popular Demand", an original tune, which Laurence has stated as one of her favorite songs on the Motorcity label. An album called "Bouncing Back" was scheduled to be released but the label ran into financial difficulties before it could be released. The album eventually was released by various labels. One song scheduled for inclusion on the album was "How Do You Keep The Music Playing" which has since become a staple of the group's live act.
After the F.L.O.S.[edit]
In December, 1992, Terrell left the F.L.O.S. and has since released a biographical DVD, "Through the Eyes of a Supreme". She continues to sing with jazz musicians as well as making an occasional appearance onstage (along Freddi Poole and Mary Flowers), singing Supremes hits.
References[edit]
1.^ a b Tobler, John (1992). NME Rock 'N' Roll Years (1st ed.). London: Reed International Books Ltd. p. 203. CN 5585.
2.^ Wilson, Mary (2000). Dreamgirl & Supreme Faith, Updated Edition: My Life as a Supreme. New York: Cooper Square Press. ISBN 0-8154-1000-X

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Lark Voorhies

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Lark Voorhies
Lark Voorhies.jpg
Voorhies in 2008
 
Born
March 25, 1974 (age 39)
Nashville, Tennessee, U.S.
Occupation
Actress, singer, spokeswoman, model
Years active
1988–present
Spouse(s)
Miguel Coleman (1996–2004) (divorced)
 Andy Prince (2007–present) (1 child)
Lark Voorhies (born Lark Holloway, March 25, 1974) is an American actress who rose to fame playing Lisa Turtle in Saved by the Bell, for which she was nominated for the Young Artist Award four times, winning in 1990 and 1993. She also portrayed the role as a regular on Good Morning, Miss Bliss. In May 2001, Voorhies started the Beverly Hills-based production company, You Soy Productions,[1] which is developing Voorhies' film entitled, The Hope for Pandora's Box as of 2012.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early life
2 Entertainment career 2.1 Acting
2.2 Modeling
2.3 Music
3 Business career
4 Legal dispute
5 In popular culture
6 Filmography
7 Awards and nominations
8 References
9 External links

Early life[edit source]
Lark Voorhies was born Lark Holloway in Nashville, Tennessee, and later adopted "Voorhies" as a stage name.[2][3] Her mother, Tricia,[4] named her "Lark" after the character in the 1972 film Cool Breeze, played by Margaret Avery.[5] By the time Voorhies was two years old, the family had moved to Pasadena, California. At this time, her mother took her to a talent agent, because "she was a natural-born ham."[6] However, her first audition did not go well—she froze.[6]
Voorhies' career took off at the age of 12, when she appeared in a national television commercial for Universal Studios Tour to advertize its upcoming King Kong attraction: "I was on this tram screaming with all these other people. I had such a great time doing that."[5][7]
Entertainment career[edit source]
Acting[edit source]
Voorhies made her acting debut at the age of two. Though photogenic, she was shy, and her mother put Voorhies' acting career on hold until she was more comfortable in front of the cameras. Later, at the age of fourteen, Voorhies reappeared on an episode of Small Wonder in 1988. In June of that same year, she landed the recurring role of Lisa Turtle in Good Morning, Miss Bliss[8] and appeared in thirteen episodes from 1988 to 1989. She remained as the same character, as did Zack, Screech, and Mr. Belding, after Disney dropped the series and it was picked-up and re-tooled by NBC and renamed Saved by the Bell. The characters Miss Bliss, Mylo, Mikey, and Nicky were dropped. During its first season on NBC 1989-1990, the characters Kelly Kapowski, A.C. Slater, and Jessie Spano were added. The setting was also changed from John F. Kennedy Junior High in Indianapolis to Bayside High School in Los Angeles.
Voorhies has since appeared in several television sitcoms and soap operas. She played the role of single mom Wendy Reardon on Days of Our Lives from 1993[9] to 1994. On The Bold and the Beautiful Voorhies played the role of amiable intern fashion-designer, Jasmine Malone beginning in January 1995. She was released from her contract in November 1996 when her role required her to act in sex scenes, which the actress refused to do citing her religious beliefs as a Jehovah's Witness. She returned in April 2004 when Jasmine Malone returns to L.A when Eric and Stephiane hire her to work as a designer in the basement at Forrester Creations. She decided to renew her contract when the show offered to sign her to a one-year deal and departed the show again in July 2004 when her character Jasmine took a job at Forrester International in Europe, courtesy of Eric Forrester.
In 1995, Voorhies guest-starred in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "Life Support". During the same year, Voorhies guest-starred in the season 6 episode of Family Matters, entitled "Home Sweet Home," as Eddie's upstairs dream girl. She has continued to act in various roles since then, such as In the House, in which she played the girlfriend-turned-wife of Alfonso Ribeiro’s character, Dr. Max Stanton. Previously, she played Ribeiro's love interest twice on The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air. Besides sitcoms, Voorhies also appeared in movies and direct-to-video films. In 2001, Voorhies played a major role in the film How High as Lauren, a Harvard student.
She was involved in a 1990 movie adaptation of the book The Black Man's Guide to Understanding Black Women,[10] and played Ana Smith in the 2008 movie entitled The Next Hit.[11]
Modeling[edit source]
As a model, she endorsed Head & Shoulders shampoo and Oxy10.[citation needed]
Music[edit source]
Voorhies has appeared in notable music video roles. She played Kenny Lattimore's love interest in his debut video "Never Too Busy", from his 1996 self titled debut album, and Wanya's girlfriend in Boyz II Men's music video "On Bended Knee". She was also featured in Montell Jordan's "Somethin' for the Honeyz", and Dru Hill's "These Are the Times".
In 1994, Voorhies was in a group originally called the X-Girls (now known as Geneva) with Stacee and Yashi Brown (the daughters of singer and oldest Jackson family sibling, Rebbie Jackson).
Voorhies founded and was the lead singer in an alternative band named Third Degree. After the group disbanded, Voorhies decided to further her music career as a soloist.[citation needed]
Business career[edit source]
Voorhies owns Lark Voorhies Productions and Voorhies Management, Inc., which she co-founded with her brother and business partners.[citation needed]
Legal dispute[edit source]
On May 30, 2006, Voorhies filed a lawsuit against The National Enquirer for libel over an article that included claims she had a drug problem.[12]
In popular culture[edit source]
Voorhies is mentioned in Asher Roth's single "Lark on My Go-Kart" and in Ludacris' song "Coming 2 America", off his Word of Mouf album.
Filmography[edit source]
Film

Year
Title
Role
Notes

1997 Def Jam's How to Be a Player Lisa 
2000 Longshot Woman at Bar Alternative title: Jack of All Trades
2001 How High Lauren 
2002 Civil Brand Lil' Momma 
2008 The Next Hit Ana Smith 
2009 Mimi's Place Sydney Short film
2011 Measure of Faith Kim Direct-to-video
2012 Little Creeps The Dean Direct-to-video

Television

Year
Title
Role
Notes

1988–89 Good Morning, Miss Bliss Lisa Turtle 13 episodes
1988,
 1989 Small Wonder Brandie Ross
 Binky Episodes: "When You Hear the Beep", "The Tattletale"
1989 The Robert Guillaume Show Danica Episode: "Educating Ann"
1989–93 Saved by the Bell Lisa Turtle 85 episodes
1992 The Fresh Prince of Bel-Air Cindy Episode: "Mama's Baby, Carlton's Maybe"
Saved by the Bell: Hawaiian Style Lisa Turtle Television film
1993 Martin Nicole Episodes: "The Break Up" (2), "The Break Up" (3)
Getting By Tasha Episodes: "Men Don't Dance", "Turnabout Dance"
1993–94 Days of our Lives Wendy Reardon 
1994 Saved by the Bell: The College Years Lisa Turtle Episode: "Wedding Plans"
Saved by the Bell: Wedding in Las Vegas Lisa Turtle Television film
Me and the Boys Denise Episode: "Talent Show"
Saved by the Bell: The New Class Lisa Turtle Episode: "Goodbye Bayside" (2)
1995 CBS Schoolbreak Special Breena Black Episode: "What About Your Friends"
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine Leanne Episode: "Life Support"
Family Matters Dream Girl Episode: "Home Sweet Home"
1995–96,
 2004 The Bold and the Beautiful Jasmine Malone Originated the role from January 1995 to November 1996; reprised in April 2004; again departed the role in June 2004, and last appeared on-screen in July 2004
1997 Malcolm & Eddie Lydia Episode: "Club Story"
The Last Don Tiffany Miniseries
1997–99 In the House Mercedes Langford 18 episodes
1998 The Love Boat: The Next Wave Johari Mayfield Episode: "I Can't Get No Satisfaction"
1999 Mutiny  Television film
The Parkers Chandra Episodes: "Grape Nuts", "Scammed Straight"
2000 Grown Ups Stacy Episode: "J's Pet Peeve"
2001 Fire & Ice Holly Aimes Television film
2002 Widows  Miniseries
2008 Robot Chicken Lisa Turtle / Betty Childs / Borg Queen (voice) Episode: Boo Cocky

Awards and nominations[edit source]
Young Artist Award
1989: Nominated, "Best Young Actress in a Cable Family Series" – Good Morning, Miss Bliss
1990: Nominated, "Outstanding Young Ensemble Cast" – Saved by the Bell
1990: Won, "Best Young Actress Starring in an Off-Primetime Series" – Saved by the Bell
1991: Nominated, "Best Young Actress Starring in an Off-Primetime Series" – Saved by the Bell
1992: Nominated, "Best Young Actress Starring in an Off-Primetime Series" – Saved by the Bell
1993: Won, "Best Young Actress Starring in an Off-Primetime Series" – Saved by the Bell
References[edit source]
1.^ "Business Search". California Secretary of State. Entity Number 200113510062.
2.^ Suzy Baldwin (March 25, 2005). News and Features. "Signposts". The Sydney Morning Herald. p. 30.
3.^ Diamond, Dustin (2009). Behind the Bell. Transit Publishing. p. 35. ISBN 0981239692.
4.^ Iona Kirby (October 3, 2012). "Saved By The Bell star Lark Voorhies battling bipolar disorder: Mother says the actress is mentally ill". Daily Mail. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
5.^ a b Nancy M. Reichardt (November 27, 1995). Accent. "Voorhies Boldly Jumps Into Daytime Drama". Palm Beach Post. p. 2D.
6.^ a b Lilana Novakovich (October 20, 1996). Entertainment. "Soap star had long climb to Another World". Calgary Herald. p. C7.
7.^ John M. Wilson (December 22, 1985). CA-Calendar. "Monkey Breath". Los Angeles Times. p. 35. Retrieved October 19, 2012.
8.^ The Ed Bark (June 3, 1989). Today. "Shakeup set for Saturday morning TV". The Dallas Morning News. p. 5C. "NBC also is experimenting with the first Saturday morning situation comedy. Saved By the Bell keeps track of six mischievous, adventurous teens played by flesh-and-blood actors you've never heard of unless you're one of their parents. Fave name: Lark Voorhies."
9.^ Entertainment. "Lark Voorhies Cast on "Days of Our Lives"". Tulsa World. April 1, 1993. p. C3.
10.^ "Then/Now: 'Saved By the Bell'". FoxNews. Retrieved 10 November 2012.
11.^ http://washedupcelebrities.blogspot.com/2008/02/lark-voorhies.html
12.^ AP. “ ‘Saved by the Bell’ Actress Sues Tabloid”, ABC News, 1 June 2006.[dead link]
External links[edit source]

Portal icon Television in the United States portal
Portal icon Biography portal
Portal icon African American portal
Lark Voorhies at the Internet Movie Database
Lark Voorhies at Memory Alpha (a Star Trek wiki)

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Teresa Graves

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Teresa Graves
Teresa Graves Get Christie Love 1974.jpg
Teresa Graves in Get Christie Love, 1974
 
Born
January 10, 1948
Houston, Texas, U.S.
Died
October 10, 2002 (aged 54)
Los Angeles, California, U.S.
Cause of death
Burns sustained in house fire
Resting place
Cremated
Nationality
American
Other names
Theresa Graves
Occupation
Actress, singer
Years active
1967–1983
Spouse(s)
William D. Reddick (m.1977–divorced)
Teresa Graves (January 10, 1948 – October 10, 2002) was an American actress and singer. As the star of Get Christie Love!, Graves is credited as being the first African-American woman to star in her own hour-long drama television series.[1]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early life and career
2 Later years
3 Death
4 Filmography
5 Awards and nominations
6 References
7 External links

Early life and career[edit source]
Born in Houston, Texas, Graves began her career singing with The Doodletown Pipers.[2] She soon turned to acting and became a regular in the two variety shows: Our Place (1967) and the infamous single episode of Turn-On (1969). She then became a regular on Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In during its third season.[3]
Graves appeared in a number of films before her pivotal role in the 1974 television movie Get Christie Love!. She reprised the role of police investigator "Christie Love" in a short-lived TV series of the same name, which featured Charles Cioffi and Jack Kelly as Lieutenants Reardon and Ryan, respectively, Love's supervisors. Jet magazine described Graves as "television's most delightful detective, the epitome of a tough lady cop with more feminine features than Venus".[4]
Later years[edit source]
Graves was baptized as a Jehovah's Witness in 1974, and almost immediately began using her celebrity to bring international awareness to the persecution of Witnesses in Malawi under then-leader Hastings Kamuzu Banda's "one-party rule".[5]
In 1983, she retired from show business to devote her time to the religion. For the rest of her life, Graves resided at 3437 West 78th Place in the Hyde Park neighborhood in Los Angeles, California, and took care of her mother.[2]
Death[edit source]
On October 10, 2002, Graves' home caught fire. She was found unconscious in a bedroom before being rushed to the hospital where she later died.[6] She was 54 years old.
Filmography[edit source]

Year
Title
Role
Notes

1969 Turn-On Regular Performer 1 episode
1969–1970 Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In Regular performer 26 episodes
1971 The Funny Side Minority Wife Unknown episodes
1972 Keeping Up with the Joneses  Television movie
1972 The New Dick Van Dyke Show Nurse Allen 1 episode
1973 The Rookies Susan Davis 1 episode
1973 That Man Bolt Samantha Nightingale 
1974 Vampira Countess Vampira Alternative titles: Old Dracula
Old Drac
1974 Black Eye Cynthia 
1974 Get Christie Love! Christie Love Television movie
1974 Get Christie Love! Christie Love 21 episodes

Awards and nominations[edit source]

Year
Award
Result
Category
Film or series
1975 Golden Globe Award Nominated Best TV Actress - Drama Get Christie Love!
1977 TP de Oro Won Best Foreign Actress (Mejor Actriz Extranjera) Get Christie Love!
References[edit source]
1.^ Levine, Elana (2007). Wallowing in Sex: The New Sexual Culture of 1970s American Television. Duke University Press. p. 134. ISBN 0-8223-3919-6.
2.^ a b "`Get Christy Love' TV star Teresa Graves, 54, dies in fire". Jet. 2002-10-28. Retrieved 2008-01-04.
3.^ Erickson, Hal (1999). From Beautiful Downtown Burbank: A Critical History of Rowan and Martin's Laugh-in, 1968-1973. McFarland. p. 204. ISBN 0-7864-0766-2.
4.^ "TV's Tough Lady Copy", Jet magazine, November 14, 1974, cover and pages 58-60, Online
5.^ "Choosing Between Two Loves in My Life" as told by Teresa Graves, Awake!, April 22, 1977, p. 19.
6.^ "Teresa Graves, 53, Of 'Get Christie Love'". The New York Times. 2002-10-16. Retrieved 2008-11-02.
External links[edit source]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Teresa Graves

Portal icon Biography portal
Teresa Graves at the Internet Movie Database
Teresa Graves at the African American Registry
Teresa Graves at Find a Grave

Authority control
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Tom Edur

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Tom Edur
Born November 18, 1954 (age 58)
Toronto, ON, CAN
Height 6 ft 1 in (1.85 m)
Weight 185 lb (84 kg; 13 st 3 lb)
Position Defence
Shot Right
Played for NHL
  Colorado Rockies
  Pittsburgh Penguins
WHA
  Cleveland Crusaders
NHL Draft 54th overall, 1974
Boston Bruins
Playing career 1973–1978
Thomas "Bomber" Edur (born November 18, 1954) is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey defenceman.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Playing career
2 Transactions
3 Career statistics
4 References
5 External links

Playing career[edit source]
Edur was selected by the Boston Bruins in the third round of the 1974 NHL Amateur Draft, 54th overall, although he made his professional debut in the World Hockey Association with the Cleveland Crusaders rather than in the NHL. After three seasons in the WHA, Edur joined the NHL with the Colorado Rockies.
In July, 1978 at the age of 24, after just two seasons in the NHL (with Colorado and the Pittsburgh Penguins), Edur retired from professional hockey to devote his life to the religion of the Jehovah's Witnesses. Edur felt that he was unable to serve God fully while playing professional hockey. Although he was offered a contract by the Penguins that would have allowed him to skip all games played on Sundays, Edur declined, viewing dedication to God as more than a one day a week obligation.
Edur was later drafted by the Edmonton Oilers when he left the WHA for the NHL, however, he again declined an opportunity to become involved with professional hockey.
Transactions[edit source]
August 1973 – Edur signs as an underage free agent with Cleveland Crusaders
May 28, 1974 – Drafted in the 3rd round, 54th overall by the Boston Bruins in the 1974 NHL Amateur Draft
September 7, 1977 – Rights traded by the Boston Bruins to the Colorado Rockies for cash
December 2, 1977 – Traded by the Colorado Rockies to the Pittsburgh Penguins for Dennis Owchar
June 13, 1979 – Selected 12th by the Edmonton Oilers in the 1979 NHL Expansion Draft
Career statistics[edit source]

 
 
Regular Season
 
Playoffs

Season
Team
League
GP
G
A
Pts
PIM
GP
G
A
Pts
PIM
1972–73 Toronto Marlboros OHA 57 14 48 62 32 — — — — —
1973–74 Cleveland Crusaders WHA 76 7 31 38 26 5 1 2 3 0
1974–75 Cleveland Crusaders WHA 61 3 20 23 28 5 2 0 2 0
1975–76 Cleveland Crusaders WHA 80 7 28 35 62 3 0 2 2 0
1976–77 Colorado Rockies NHL 80 7 25 32 39 — — — — —
1977–78 Colorado Rockies NHL 20 5 7 12 10 — — — — —
1977–78 Pittsburgh Penguins NHL 58 5 38 43 18 — — — — —
NHL totals
158
17
70
87
67
—
—
—
—
—

WHA totals
217
17
79
96
116
13
3
4
7
0

References[edit source]

External links[edit source]
Tom Edur's career statistics at The Internet Hockey Database
Tom Edur's biography at Legends of Hockey


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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William Jeffrey (Tsimshian chief)

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 This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (May 2009) 
Chief William Jeffrey (born 1899, date of death unknown) was a hereditary Tsimshian Chief, First Nations activist and carver born near Lax Kw'alaams, British Columbia, Canada. He attended residential school from 1914 to 1917. Though he desired to be a lawyer, his status as a First Nations person and government policy at the time prevented him from attending college for any profession other than the clergy.
In 1930 he co-founded the Native Brotherhood of British Columbia. "The NBBC advocated improvements to the level of education among Aboriginal peoples, greater recognition in law of their hunting, fishing and logging rights, and the decriminalization of the potlatch."(Treaty Talks in British Columbia: Negotiating a Mutually Beneficial Future p. 25) In 1940 he appeared in the House of Commons to further those aims, also delivering the message:

Without any consultation with us, you took away our land and put us on reservations. You gave us religion, and its clergymen burned our totem poles, saying we worshiped them. This was not so, for they were our memorials and our landmarks. You have removed them and stolen our land. You gave us the Bible—there is nothing wrong with the Bible—but you misused it and did not follow it yourselves.
—Awake, September 22, 1984
In 1953, attracted by the message of "peace and justice to peoples of all races, nationalities, creeds and colors," Jeffrey left behind his political pursuits to become a minister of Jehovah's Witnesses.[1]
In 1960 he began carving totem poles and replicas of totem poles, joining a movement to revive the practice of Northwest Coast art once banned in British Columbia. Many of his poles still stand in Prince Rupert and even Adelaide Australia.
Jeffrey was a native speaker of Smalgyax, a Tsimshian language. He also spoke English and Chinook Jargon.
See also[edit source]
List of First Nations people
References[edit source]
1.^ Awake, September 22, 1984
External links[edit source]
Totem Poles


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Alexander Hugh Macmillan

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Part of a series on
Jehovah's Witnesses

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Alexander Hugh Macmillan (June 2, 1877–August 26, 1966), also referred to as A. H. Macmillan, was an important member of the Bible Students, and later, of Jehovah’s Witnesses. He became a board member of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society in 1918. He presented a history of the religious movement in his book Faith on the March, published in 1957.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early life
2 Ministry
3 Macmillan's proclamation of 1914
4 Watch Tower Society board of directors
5 Later years
6 References
7 External links


Early life[edit]
Macmillan was born in Canada. From an early age he had a deep interest in serving God. At age 16, he decided to be a preacher, attending a school away from home, but ceased his studies when he suffered a nervous breakdown. With financial aid from his father, he relocated to Boston, Massachusetts. There, he came in contact with the Bible Student movement. In about 1897, he obtained a copy of the book, The Plan of the Ages, the first of the six-volume series Millennial Dawn (later called Studies in the Scriptures), written by Charles Taze Russell. He later obtained the second volume in the series, The Time Is At Hand, which claimed that the end of the Gentile Times would occur in 1914. He believed he had finally found biblical truth and later used the books as a basis for his theory that he and others would be 'taken home' to heaven in 1914.[1]
Ministry[edit]
Macmillan first met Russell in 1900. In June of that year, he traveled to Philadelphia to a convention sponsored by the Watch Tower Society. In September, he was baptized in Boston. The following year he became a missionary and full-time minister in Massachusetts.
In September 1901 he traveled to Cleveland to attend a convention, after which he was invited by Russell to live at the Watch Tower Society's headquarters in Allegheny. Macmillan traveled extensively with Russell, and in 1905 during a convention tour, he met J. F. Rutherford.
Macmillan's proclamation of 1914[edit]
See also: End time and Eschatology of Jehovah's Witnesses
In the decades prior to 1914, Watch Tower Society publications claimed that Armageddon would take place in 1914. As the year approached, their publications stated that October 1914 would mark the "end of the Gentile Times" and the beginning of Christ's kingship. Many Bible Students believed they would be sent to heaven in 1914. At a convention at Saratoga Springs, New York, on September 27–30, Macmillan, believing that "the church was "going home" in October", he announced that "This is probably the last public address I shall ever deliver because we shall be going home soon."[2]


This is probably the last public address I shall ever
 deliver because we shall be going home soon.
A.H.Macmillan, September 30, 1914
Faith On The March, page 46
Following the convention, at a meeting at the Brooklyn headquarters, Russell announced: "The Gentile Times have ended; their kings have had their day," and added that, "At 10:30 Sunday morning Brother Macmillan will give us an address." Those present laughed about Macmillan's previous announcement of his "last public address"; in the subsequent talk, Macmillan acknowledged, "some of us had been a bit too hasty in thinking that we were going to heaven right away".[1][3] Despite his expectations for October 1914, Macmillan remained committed to the Watch Tower Society.
In 1919, The New York Times characterized Macmillan's address to a meeting of Bible Students as proposing a "new date for the Millennium" in the year 1925.[4]
Watch Tower Society board of directors[edit]
In Faith on the March, Macmillan described a private meeting he had with Russell in 1916. According to Macmillan, Russell spoke of his poor health and indicated a desire for Macmillan to take over the affairs of the Allegheny office. Russell died several weeks later, on October 31, 1916. By 1918, The New York Times described Macmillan as "Superintendent of the Bethel Home"[5] and as one of "the leaders of the International Bible Students Association".[6]
After the January 5, 1918 annual meeting of the Watch Tower Society, Macmillan joined the Society's board of director, and Rutherford became a board member and president. That year, Macmillan—along with Rutherford and other Watch Tower Society officials—was arrested, charged with violation of the Sedition Act of 1918 as a result of anti-war sentiments expressed in the book, The Finished Mystery; they were sentenced to federal prison in Atlanta, but were released and exonerated in 1919.
During the 1920s, Macmillan traveled extensively on service tours to Europe and the Middle East, for public speaking engagements and to monitor activities at branch offices around the world. Such assignments included Scotland,[7] Denmark,[8] Finland,[9] Norway,[10] Palestine,[11] Lebanon and Syria,[12] Italy,[13] and Sweden.[14]
Macmillan also traveled throughout the United States and Canada as an appointed "pilgrim", performing twice-yearly visits with local congregations.[15] By the 1930s, Macmillan, based in Brooklyn, was a "traveling representative" speaking at congregations and larger assemblies, encouraging individuals to pursue the full-time ministry.[16] Macmillan also met with local law enforcement and government officials to explain the significance of the dozens of then-recent U.S. Supreme Court decisions which were mostly favorable to Jehovah's Witnesses.[17] Macmillan was permitted by the director of the United States Bureau of Prisons to regularly visit Witnesses in federal prisons in the United States who had been incarcerated for refusing military service during World War II.[18][19]
Later years[edit]
In 1955, Macmillan was granted permission to use Watch Tower Society records to compile a history of Jehovah's Witnesses. In 1957, he published his account, under the title, Faith on the March.[20]
Macmillan became an on-air personality on the Watch Tower Society's radio station WBBR, answering questions and providing counsel[21] until the station was sold in 1957.[22]
Macmillan experienced pain associated with increasing health problems, and he privately likened himself to the biblical Job, leading up to his death on August 26, 1966.[23][24] Macmillan's funeral service was conducted by Watch Tower Society president Nathan Knorr on August 29, and he was buried at a private burial plot on Staten Island, New York.[25]
References[edit]
1.^ a b Watchtower, ed. (1993). Jehovah's Witnesses Proclaimers of God's Kingdom. Brooklyn, New York: Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York, Inc.
2.^ Faith On The March. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc. 1957. p. 46.
3.^ "Doing God’s Will Has Been My Delight", The Watchtower, August 15, 1966, page 62
4.^ "New Date For Millennium: Russellites Now See It Coming on Earth in 1925" (PDF). New York Times. June 2, 1919.
5.^ "Russelites Guilty of Hindering Draft", The New York Times, June 21, 1918, As Retrieved 2010-03-02
6.^ "Russellites to Testify", The New York Times, August 20, 1918, As Retrieved 2010-03-02, "Alexander H. Macmillan and William E. Van Amburgh, two of the leaders of the International Bible Students Association"
7.^ "Staying Close to Jehovah’s Organization", The Watchtower, July 1, 1987, page 27
8.^ 1993 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, pages 80-81
9.^ 1990 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, page 155
10.^ "Norway", 1977 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, page 206
11.^ Jehovah's Witnesses - Proclaimers of God's Kingdom, ©1993 Watch Tower, page 142
12.^ "Lebanon and Syria", 1980 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, pages 169-170
13.^ "Italy", 1982 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, page 133
14.^ 1991 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, pages 134-135
15.^ "Development of the Organization Structure", Jehovah's Witnesses - Proclaimers of God's Kingdom, page 222
16.^ "Pursuing My Purpose in Life", The Watchtower, August 1, 1957, page 457
17.^ "Pursuing My Purpose in Life", The Watchtower, August 1, 1956, page 456
18.^ "Objects of Hatred by All the Nations", Jehovah's Witnesses - Proclaimers of God's Kingdom, page 654
19.^ "United States of America", 1975 Yearbook of Jehovah's Witnesses, page 206
20.^ Introduction, "Faith On The March", Introduction]
21.^ Faith On The March by A. H. Macmillan, ©1957, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., page 4
22.^ "WBBR Sold by the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society", The Watchtower, May 15, 1957, page 301, "[Watch Tower] Society decided to sell WBBR and did so April 15, 1957. WBBR had served its purpose... People could not ask questions over the radio as easily as they now can through personal contact and study in their homes with their own Bible."
23.^ "Job Endured—So Can We!", The Watchtower, November 15, 1994, page 10, "‘THE Devil is after me! I feel just like Job!’ With such words A. H. Macmillan expressed his feelings to a close friend at the headquarters of Jehovah’s Witnesses. Brother Macmillan finished his earthly course at the age of 89 on August 26, 1966. ...His friends rejoiced that Brother Macmillan obtained that [heavenly] reward. In his declining years on earth, however, he was beset by various trials, including health problems that made him keenly aware of Satan’s attempts to break his integrity to God."
24.^ "Alexander H. Macmillan Of Jehovah's Witnesses, 89", The New York Times, August 28, 1966, page 92
25.^ "Announcements", The Watchtower, October 1, 1966, page 608
External links[edit]
Full text of Faith On The March
PDF version
HTML version


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Canadian people of Scottish descent


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Coco Rocha

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Coco Rocha
Coco Rocha 2012 Shankbone.JPG
Rocha at the 2012 Tribeca Film Festival premiere of Mansome
 
Born
September 10, 1988 (age 24)
Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Height
5 ft 10 in (1.78 m)[1]
Hair color
Brown
Eye color
Blue
Measurements
33-24-34 (US); 84-61-86.5 (EU)[1]
Dress size
4 (US); 34 (EU)[1]
Manager
ModelQuest (mother agency)
Wilhelmina Models
Storm Model Management
 Elite Milan
 Elite Toronto
 Elite Copenhagen
 UNO Barcelona
Marylin Agency
 Model Management Hamburg
 Specs Model Management
Spouse
James Conran (m. 2010)
Websitewww.cocorocha.com
Coco Rocha (born Mikhaila Rocha; September 10, 1988) is a Canadian fashion model.[2]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early life
2 Career
3 Activism and charitable work
4 Film and television appearances
5 Writing and online presence
6 Awards and accolades
7 References in popular culture
8 Personal life
9 References
10 External links

Early life[edit source]
Rocha was born in Toronto, Ontario, and grew up in Richmond, British Columbia where she attended Hugh McRoberts Secondary School.[2] Her family is in the airline industry. She is of Irish, Russian, and Welsh descent.[3]
Career[edit source]
In 2002, agent Charles Stuart approached Rocha at an Irish dance competition and asked her if she would consider modelling for him. At that point, she had never thought of modelling before.[4] When she did begin to model, her knowledge of fashion was limited.[3] She eventually gained insight into the fashion world after her best friends crammed in fashion study sessions in between studying for exams.[3]
Rocha started her professional career in 2004, signing with SUPREME in New York City. Two years later, Rocha met fashion photographer Steven Meisel. Soon, she was featured in an editorial with Gemma Ward and Amanda Moore. The editorial kickstarted her career, landing her the cover of the February 2006 issue of Vogue Italia. The week after, she walked the Spring/Summer 2006 New York City runways for a handful of designers, most notably Anna Sui and Marc Jacobs. Backstage at the Anna Sui show, Rocha met model Naomi Campbell, who held her hands and told her she was "her new favourite model".[5] After the New York Fashion Week, she soon followed by taking part in the Paris Fashion Week as well. She walked for esteemed designers like Stella McCartney, Shiatzy Chen, Christian Lacroix, Emanuel Ungaro, and Marc Jacobs.[6][7]
During Jean Paul Gaultier's Scottish Highlands-inspired Fall/Winter 2007 show in February 2007, Rocha opened the show by Irish-dancing down the runway; American Vogue dubbed this the "Coco Moment" and suggested it as a sign that the fashion industry misses the "supermodels".[8]
In the May 2007, issue of Vogue (US), she was featured on the cover with models Doutzen Kroes, Caroline Trentini, Raquel Zimmermann, Sasha Pivovarova, Agyness Deyn, Jessica Stam, Hilary Rhoda, Chanel Iman, and Lily Donaldson as the new crop of supermodels.[9] In 2008 casting agent James Scully said of Rocha:
“ I will be the first to admit I did not believe the hype, but within five seconds of meeting her, I was totally charmed and understood why everyone loves her. Some people feel her look is specific, but I find her to be the most chameleon-like of all the girls.[10] ”
Rocha has been on the covers of many top fashion magazines including American, Brazilian, Italian, Japanese, Korean and Spanish Vogue, Flare, Fashion, Numéro, French, W, Harper's Bazaar, Dazed & Confused, i-D, Time Style & Design, among others.[2]
Since her debut, Rocha has been the face of a variety of advertising campaigns including Versace, Americana Manhasset, Balenciaga, Chanel, D&G, Dior, Dolce & Gabbana, Lanvin, The Gap, Ports 1961, Tommy Hilfiger, Yves Saint Laurent, Esprit, Liz Claiborne, Calvin Klein, Nicole Farhi, DeBeers, Zac Posen, and Rimmel. She has appeared in editorials for American, Italian, Korean, French, Russian, Spanish, Brazilian, Japanese, Mexican, and British Vogue, British, Canadian, Czech, French, Quebec, and Italian Elle V, W, French, Korean, and Japanese Numéro, British and Japanese Dazed & Confused, i-D, Time Style & Design, and Ukrainian, Russian, Korean, and American Harpers Bazaar[2]
In July 2010, Rocha appeared on the Vogue website daily for an entire month in a feature named "Today I'm Wearing".[11] The following month, Rocha appeared on a billboard in Times Square for an ad campaign with Marie Claire magazine in partnership with Project Runway in which she modeled a contestant's winning design.
In spring of 2011, it was announced that Rocha would again be the face of a limited edition Karl Lagerfeld designed Coco Cola light campaign. She previously collaborated with Lagerfeld and Coca-Cola in 2010.[12] In July 2011, Coco Rocha became the first high fashion model to be photographed by the Lytro Camera, the camera takes what the company calls a “living picture,” meaning that it captures enough visual information in a single exposure so that the focus and zoom can be adjusted even after the picture is taken. Rocha said she reached out to the company after reading about them on the website Mashable.[13]
In August 2011, it was announced that Coco would be the face of an upcoming Karl Lagerfeld for Macy's collection.[14] In mid-February 2012, Coco appeared in a commercial for White House Black Market created by New York advertising agency Ceft and Company in which she was featured tap-dancing.[15]
Activism and charitable work[edit source]
Rocha is one of the few models who has spoken out against the prevalence of eating disorders in the modelling industry. In an open letter to The New York Times on her blog, she wrote, "How can any person justify an aesthetic that reduces a woman or child to an emaciated skeleton? Is it art? Surely fashion's aesthetic should enhance and beautify the human form, not destroy it."[16] In an email to the Associated Press, she wrote: "I'll never forget the piece of advice I got from people in the industry when they saw my new body ... They said, 'You need to lose more weight. The look this year is anorexia. We don't want you to be anorexic but that's what we want you to look like.'[17]
In June 2011, Coco announced a partnership with Canadian fashion retailer Jacob for a "Photoshop-free" campaign. On her blog Rocha said she hoped the shoot could "balance the scales a little by pulling so far back from what has been the current trend of total digital model manipulation."[18]
On October 11, 2011 Coco Rocha appeared on Anderson Cooper's daytime television show Anderson, where she said models are scouted too young and put under pressure to stay thin and behave unnaturally, while they are "still minors".[19]
On November 1, 2011 Coco launched Coco Rocha for Senhoa, a collection produced together with Senhoa, an organization helping Cambodian survivors of human trafficking. The capsule collection contained 7 unique pieces designed by Rocha and hand crafted by the survivors of human trafficking. All proceeds went directly to the Senhoa program. To help raise awareness for the cause, Rocha brought in additional models Chanel Iman, Caroline Trentini, and Behati Prinsloo. In the first of two campaigns, Iman, Trentini and Rocha were photographed by Nigel Barker.[20]
Film and television appearances[edit source]
Rocha hosted the 2010 MTV Video Music Awards white carpet. On October 19, 2011 she appeared as a guest judge on America's Next Top Model, where host and head judge Tyra Banks referred to her as "The Queen of Posing". The short documentary Letters to Haiti featured Rocha and fellow model Behati Prinsloo delivering supplies to Haiti after the 2010 earthquake; it was shot by Rocha's husband, James Conran. The movie premiered in Toronto in October and New York in December 2011.[21] Rocha is one of three coach/judges (along with Karolina Kurkova and Naomi Campbell) of the 2013 Oxygen network reality show The Face.
Writing and online presence[edit source]
Rocha wrote the foreword to Canadian fashion reporter Jeanne Beker's book Struttin It!, about the modeling profession.[22] In March 2011, Coco announced the launch of her new website. The site was said to contain almost 10,000 pictures covering her entire career as a model so far.[citation needed]
In April 2012, Coco Rocha became the first high fashion model to have more than 1 million followers on the social media platform Google+.[23]
Awards and accolades[edit source]
In October 2010, Coco Rocha was given Marie Claire's Prix d’Excellence as their model of the year at a ceremony in Paris.[24]

 

 Rocha modelling for Louis Vuitton
In November 2010, Rocha was awarded the Seventeen Body Peace award by Seventeen magazine. Rocha had contributed a number of articles to Seventeen on the topic of girls' body image and self esteem.[25] On February 14, 2011 Coco was awarded the Elle Style award for 'Model of the Year' by Boy George in London.[26]
On June 16, 2011, Coco Rocha and husband James Conran both received awards for their philanthropic work at the Pay It Fashion Forward event in Manahattan, NY.[27] In 2012, Vogue Paris declared her one of the top 30 models of the 2000s.[28]
References in popular culture[edit source]
Coco Rocha was one of twenty high fashion models mentioned on Kanye West's 2010 song "Christian Dior Denim Flow".[29]
Personal life[edit source]
Rocha has been a devout Jehovah's Witness since childhood, and in a 2013 interview stated that she still follows the Jehovah's Witnesses tradition of preaching door-to-door. She calls herself "a Christian first and a model second", and says that due to her faith she will not pose nude, with cigarettes, guns, nationalistic emblems or religious icons.[23]
Rocha married artist James Conran on June 9, 2010.[30] Her wedding dress was designed by Zac Posen. Conran later became her part-time manager.[23]
References[edit source]
1.^ a b c "Coco Rocha profile". Fashion Model Directory. Retrieved 6 May 2012.
2.^ a b c d "Coco Rocha rocks the runway | Irish Entertainment in Ireland and Around the World". IrishCentral. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
3.^ a b c "| Models: Crazy for Coco". fashionmagazine.com. 2010-05-13. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
4.^ "Coco Rocha rocks the runway | Irish Entertainment in Ireland and Around the World". IrishCentral. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
5.^ "Coco Rocha – Canadian model, best known for her expressive mime and gestures. Coco Rocha is often named Queen of Posing". Millionlooks.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
6.^ "Coco Rocha Biography". Askmen. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
7.^ "Coco Rocha's Career Highlights". nymag. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
8.^ "Magazine - Vogue". Style.com. 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
9.^ "Magazine - Vogue". Style.com. 2012-06-28. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
10.^ Herbst, Kendall (9 May 2008). "Casting Agent James Scully's All-Time Favorite Models". New York Magazine. Retrieved 20 February 2011.
11.^ "Coco Rocha's fashion and style choices, day 1 (Vogue.com UK)". Vogue.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
12.^ Angela Puchetti. "Diet Coke by Karl". Vogue.it. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
13.^ Heyman, Stephen (2011-09-29). "Coco Rocha's New Focus - NYTimes.com". Tmagazine.blogs.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
14.^ Odell, Amy. "Coco Rocha Has the Honor of Modeling Karl Lagerfeld’s Macy’s Line - The Cut". Nymag.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
15.^ "Watch Model Coco Rocha Tap Dance for White House Black Market". luckymag.com. February 17 2012. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
16.^ Rocha, Coco. "My Uncensored Point Of View". oh-so-coco.tumblr.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
17.^ "CFDA Panel on Skinny Models: Coco Rocha on Her Struggle - The Cut". Nymag.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
18.^ "JACOB - Sans photoshop. A few months ago I... |". Oh-so-coco.tumblr.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
19.^ Lauren Milligan (2011-10-12). "Coco Rocha - models too young Anderson Cooper Carre Otis (Vogue.com UK)". Vogue.co.uk. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
20.^ "Coco Rocha Launches Jewelry Line for a Cause - Fashion Scoops - Fashion". WWD.com. 2011-11-02. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
21.^ Rees, Alex (December 7, 2011). "Coco Rocha’s Documentary Letters to Haiti Premieres Tonight". New York Magazine. Retrieved 2013-03-12.
22.^ Summary by: Tundra Books (2011-02-01). "Strutting It - A Book By Jeanne Beker". Fashion Television. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
23.^ a b c Sadie Whitelocks (=2013-01-16). "Supermodel Coco Rocha opens up about life as a devout Jehovah's Witness - and how she still preaches door-to-door". Retrieved 2013-01-17.
24.^ Sasha (2010-10-07). "Coco Rocha Is 'Marie Claire' France's Model of the Year - News and Pics". StyleBistro. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
25.^ Rocha, Coco (2010-10-21). "Coco Rocha Body Image Advice". Seventeen. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
26.^ Cronin, Emily (2011-02-14). "Coco Rocha, Best Model". Elleuk.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
27.^ "4th Annual Pay It Fashion Forward presented by Fashion Delivers". charityhappenings.org. Retrieved 8 July 2013.
28.^ "Les 30 mannequins des années 2000 | Mode| Vogue". Vogue.fr. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
29.^ "MTV Style | Kanye West's "Christian Dior Denim Flow": How The Models Reacted". Style.mtv.com. 2010-10-04. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
30.^ "Coca Rocha Ties the Knot; Thom Browne Does Womenswear; Rihanna Gets Photoshopped - The Cut". Nymag.com. Retrieved 2012-07-03.
External links[edit source]
 Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Coco Rocha
Official website
Coco Rocha at the Fashion Model Directory
Coco Rocha's Official Blog


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Categories: 1988 births
Living people
Canadian female models
Canadian people of Irish descent
Canadian people of Russian descent
Canadian people of Welsh descent
Canadian Jehovah's Witnesses



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Bobby Tambling

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 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (May 2013) 
Bobby Tambling
Bobby Tambling and Barry Bridges.jpg
Bobby Tambling, left, with Barry Bridges, walking on the Bridge turf, February 2009
Personal information

Full name
Robert Victor Tambling
Date of birth
18 September 1941 (age 71)
Place of birth
Storrington, Sussex, England
Height
1.86 m (6 ft 1 in)
Playing position
Striker
Youth career

195?–1957
Havant Town F.C.
1957–1959
Chelsea
Senior career*

Years
Team Apps† (Gls)†
1959–1970
Chelsea 302 (164)
1970–1973
Crystal Palace 68 (12)
1973–1977
Cork Celtic 76 (39)
1977–1978
Waterford 13 (8)
1978–1979
Shamrock Rovers 5 (0)
1978–1979
Cork Alberts 15 (2)
Total
 479 (263)
National team

1962–1966
England 3 (1)
1977–1978
League of Ireland XI 2 (?)
Teams managed

1974–1977
Cork Celtic
1984
Cork City
19?? –20??
Crosshaven F.C.
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only.
 † Appearances (Goals).
 
Robert Victor "Bobby" Tambling (born 18 September 1941) is a former English professional footballer, who played most notably for Chelsea, Crystal Palace and England. He was Chelsea's all-time top scorer for 47 years, with 202 goals in all competitions until Frank Lampard surpassed this total on 11 May 2013. Tambling remains Chelsea's all-time top scorer in league competition with 164 goals. After enjoying a successful career in the Football League during the 1960s and early 1970s, Tambling moved to Ireland to work as a Jehovah's Witness missionary. He subsequently played for several clubs in the League of Ireland and also represented the League of Ireland XI. After retiring as a player he continued to live in Ireland, residing in Crosshaven, County Cork.



Contents
  [hide] 1 Playing career 1.1 Chelsea
1.2 Crystal Palace
1.3 Ireland
2 International career 2.1 England
2.2 League of Ireland XI
3 Career statistics 3.1 Chelsea
4 Honours
5 References
6 External links

Playing career[edit source]
Chelsea[edit source]
A talented schoolboy footballer who played for England schoolboys, his signature as a professional player was sought out by several teams including Reading, Wolverhampton Wanderers and the club he supported as a boy, Blackpool. Having met scout Jimmy Thompson and manager Ted Drake Tambling joined Chelsea as a fifteen year-old in 1957.[1] He made his debut, aged seventeen in 1959 scoring in a 3-2 win against West Ham United.[2] Two years later, following the transfer of Jimmy Greaves to AC Milan, he became Chelsea's main striker and was their leading goal scorer for five seasons in the 1960s. Forming a partnership with Barry Bridges, Tambling was made club captain in 1962 by manager Tommy Docherty after Chelsea's relegation to the Second Division. With Docherty adding new players Terry Venables and Peter Bonetti Chelsea made an immediate return to the top flight with Tambling as their top scorer as he was in their first season back in the top division.[3] In 1965 he was a member of the team which won the 1965 Football League Cup Final. Played over two legs, Tambling scored the first goal in the first leg, a 3-2 defeat of Leicester City. Tambling was also a member of the Chelsea side which lost the 1967 FA Cup Final. Although he scored for Chelsea his 85th minute goal was little more than a consolation as Tottenham Hotspur, with former Chelsea players Greaves and Venables, won 2-1. [4] Tambling holds the record for the highest number of goals scored for Chelsea in a league game.[5] He scored five goals in a 6-2 away win at Aston Villa on 17 September 1966 before being substituted by Allan Harris. [6] His record 202 for Chelsea goals came in only 370 games. In the 1969-70 season he played only seven games for Chelsea. Having fallen out of favour as first choice striker and after not being selected for the 1970 FA Cup Final between Chelsea and Leeds United, in 1970 he transferred to Crystal Palace. [7][5]
In 2004, Tambling had a suite named after him at Stamford Bridge, in honour of his status at Chelsea. He was recently named in the club's greatest ever XI, selected to mark the club's centenary.[8] [9] Despite suffering from Martorelli's ulcer, a leg condition which saw him admitted to hospital for four months in 2013,[10] he was able to travel from his home in Ireland to be the special guest of Chelsea at their home game against Swansea City on 28 April 2013, where he made "an emotional half-time lap of honour" on a wheelchair.[11][12]
Crystal Palace[edit source]
Following his £40,000 transfer, Tambling played only three games for Crystal Palace during the 1969-70 season as a result of several injuries. The following two seasons saw him play 66 games scoring seventeen goals however seasons 1972-73 and 1973-74 saw only seven games and no goals.[13] The highlight of his time with Palace was his two goals in the San Siro Stadium as Palace beat Inter Milan 2-1 in the 1971 Anglo-Italian Cup.
Ireland[edit source]
In 1973 Tambling quit Crystal Palace and moved to Ireland. Tambling was a committed Jehovah's Witness and volunteered for evangelical duty in County Cork. He subsequently played for several clubs in the League of Ireland. On the advice of his former Chelsea team mate Paddy Mulligan, he first signed for Cork Celtic. In 1974, playing alongside Alfie Hale, Tambling scored 7 goals as he helped Celtic win only their only league title. He also played for Celtic in the 1974–75 European Cup and between 1974 and 1977 also served Celtic as player manager. He spent the 1977–78 season at Waterford United, playing alongside Peter Thomas and Johnny Matthews, before switching to Shamrock Rovers for the 1978–79 season. He finished his playing career with Cork Alberts. Tambling also briefly served as manager of Cork City during the 1984–85 season. In more recent times Tambling continues to live in Crosshaven where he also manages the local Munster Senior League side.[14] [15]
International career[edit source]
England[edit source]
Between 1962 and 1966 Tambling made 3 international appearances for England. He had previously represented England at Under 23 level. He made his full England debut on 21 November 1962 in a 4-0 win against Wales in the British Home Championship. On 27 February 1963, he scored his only international goal in a European Nations' Cup qualifer which England lost 5-2 to France at Parc de Princes.[16] Tambling would have to wait more than three years for his next game, on 4 May 1966, a 2-0 friendly win against Yugoslavia. It would prove to be his last international appearance for England.[17] Tambling won all three of his England caps while a Chelsea player.
League of Ireland XI[edit source]
Tambling also played for the League of Ireland XI on at least 2 occasions. On 21 September 1977 at Dalymount Park he featured against a Republic of Ireland team that included Johnny Giles, Liam Brady, Steve Heighway and Don Givens. The league selection lost 2-1. [14] On 19 April 1978 Tambling also played against Argentina at the Estadio Alberto J. Armando, in a warm up game as part of their preparations for hosting the 1978 FIFA World Cup. His fellow team mates included Johnny Giles, Ray Treacy, Eamonn Gregg and Synan Braddish. The starting eleven for Argentina included nine players who later played in the 1978 FIFA World Cup Final. Argentina won this game 3-1. [18] On these two occasions Tambling was a Waterford United player.
Career statistics[edit source]
Chelsea[edit source]
[19]

Club
Season
League
Cup
League Cup
Europe
Total

Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Apps
Goals
Chelsea 1958-59 1 1 - - - - - -
1
1
1959-60 4 1 - - - - - -
4
1
1960-61 24 9 1 0 3 3 - -
28
12
1961-62 34 20 1 2 - - - -
35
22
1962-63 40 35 4 2 - - - -
44
37
1963-64 37 17 2 2 1 0 - -
38
19
1964–65 33 15 5 4 7 6 - -
45
25
1965–66 26 16 6 5 - - 10 2
42
23
1966–67 36 21 7 6 3 1 - -
46
28
1967-68 24 12 5 3 1 0 - -
30
15
1968-69 38 17 5 1 3 0 4 1
50
19
1969–70 7 0 - - - - - -
7
0

Career total
302
164
36
25
18
10
14
3
370
202

Honours[edit source]
Football League Cup Chelsea 1964–65
League of Ireland Cork Celtic 1973–74

References[edit source]
GeneralPost War English & Scottish Football League A - Z Player's Database
Specific
1.^ "Royalty on the King's Road". Www.irishexaminer.com. 11 May 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
2.^ "Chelsea v West Ham United 7 February 1959". Www.11v11.com. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
3.^ "After Lampard nets number 203 to become Chelsea's top scorer, time to pay tribute to Tambling who held record for 47 years". Www.dailymail.co.uk. 13 May 2013. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
4.^ "1967 FA Cup Final". Www.mehstg.com. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
5.^ a b "Bobby Tambling". Www.chelseafc.com. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
6.^ "Aston Villa v Chelsea 17 September 1966". Www.11v11.com. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
7.^ Smith, Ben. "Bobby Tambling: Chelsea 'great' Frank Lampard proved me wrong". BBC Sport. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
8.^ "Tambling suite". Cfc.com. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
9.^ Nachrani, Sachin (18 March 2013). "Frank Lampard's 200th goal puts Chelsea's Bobby Tambling back in focus". Www.guardian.co.uk. Retrieved 17 May 2013.
10.^ "Relationship between two Chelsea legends: Bobby Tambling and Frank Lampard", HamroFootball website, 29 April 2013
11.^ "Bobby Tambling sees Frank Lampard close on his record as Chelsea beat Swansea", The Daily Express, 29 April 2013
12.^ Chelsea 2-0 Swansea City report, from TheChelseaChronicle website
13.^ "Bobby Tambling Crystal Palace". Www.holmesdale.net. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
14.^ a b "Bobby Tambling: The Other Blue" by Shane Murphy, first published in the March 2010 Derry City programme, from the Waterford United website
15.^ The Hoops by Paul Doolan and Robert Goggins (ISBN 0-7171-2121-6)
16.^ "France v England 27 February 1963". Www.11v11.com. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
17.^ "Bobby Tambling". Www.11v11.com. Retrieved 18 May 2013.
18.^ www.irishtimes.com
19.^ Robert Victor Tambling from TheBounder's Chelsea statistics website
External links[edit source]
Interview with Charlie Cooke, where he talks about "Chelsea's all-time leading scorer", 13 March 2012
[1] with Barun Pandey, where he talks about "relationship between Tambling and Lampard", 29 April 2013





 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Lynette Roberts

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Evelyn ('Lynette') Beatrice Roberts (4 July 1909 – 26 September 1995) was a poet. Born in Argentina, she settled in Britain and wrote in English.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Life
2 Writing
3 Bibliography
4 References
5 External links

Life[edit source]

 

 Lynette Roberts' headstone in Llanybri churchyard, April 2008
Evelyn Beatrice Roberts was born in Argentina on 4 July 1909, in Buenos Aires, to parents of Welsh extraction. While still young she moved to Britain, and studied in London at the Central School for Arts and Crafts.
In 1939 she married the poet and literary editor Keidrych Rhys at Llansteffan in Carmarthenshire, and they settled in the neighbouring LLanybri, where they lived during World War II in relative poverty, compared with what she was used to. She and her husband had two children, a daughter, Angharad, born in April 1945, and a son, Pridein, born in November 1946.
In Llanybri she painted, and in 1944 her collection Poems were published by Faber and Faber. She immortalised her village in her "Poem from Llanybri". This poem was addressed to the poet, Alun Lewis, to whom Roberts confessed to being attracted.[1] In 1944 and 1945 drafts of Robert Graves's The White Goddess were published in Keidrych Rhys's periodical, Wales.
After the War Roberts was the dedicatee of Robert Graves's The White Goddess in its first edition (1948), having provided much of the Welsh material used by him.
In 1949, she and Keidrych Rhys divorced. In 1951 Faber and Faber published her Gods with stainless ears: a heroic poem. After she became a Jehovah's Witness she ceased to publish. She died on 26 September 1995, at Ferryside, Carmarthenshire.
Writing[edit source]


Between now and then, I will offer you
 A fist full of rock cress fresh from the bank
 The valley tips of garlic red with dew
 Cooler than shallots, a breath you can swank
 In the village when you come. At noon-day
 I will offer you a choice bowl of cawl
 Served with a 'lover's' spoon and a chopped spray
 Of leeks or savori fach...
“
”
From "Poem from Llanybri", 1946 [2]
Later in life Roberts repudiated her work and refused to permit it to be reprinted. An edition of her collected poems was issued by Seren Press after her death but was immediately withdrawn because of legal problems with the Roberts estate; a new Collected Poems [3] finally appeared in 2006 from Carcanet, edited by Patrick McGuinness. A volume of miscellaneous prose,[4] diaries from her time in Llanybri, correspondence with Robert Graves, memoirs of the Sitwells and T. S. Eliot, an essay on "village dialect" and short stories appeared in 2008. An unpublished novel, Nesta, written in 1944, is apparently lost.[5] The Endeavour: Captain Cook's first voyage to Australia (1954) was a prose work.
Bibliography[edit source]
1942 - Two poems:'To a Welsh woman' and 'The circle of C' [poems in] Caseg broadsheets of Welsh poetry no.4 (Caseg Press)
1944 - Modern Welsh Poetry edited by Keidrych Rees (Faber & Faber)
1944 - Poems (Faber & Faber)
1944 - An introduction to village dialect: with seven stories (The Druid Press)
1951 - Gods with stainless ears: a heroic poem (Faber & Faber)
1954 - The Endeavour: Captain Cook’s first voyage to Australia (Peter Owen)
1983 - 'Parts of an autobiography', Poetry Wales, 19, no.2, pp. 30–50
2005 - 'A South American childhood' [transcript of radio talk], New Welsh Review, Issue 70 (Winter 2005)
2005 - Collected poems; edited by Patrick McGuinness (Carcanet) ISBN 1-85754-842-6
2008 - Diaries, letters and recollections; edited with an introduction by Patrick McGuinness (Carcanet) ISBN 1-85754-856-6
References[edit source]
1.^ A Poet's Guide to Britain
2.^ "Poem from Llanybri"
3.^ Collected Poems
4.^ volume of miscellaneous prose
5.^ One of our greatest war poets: Lynette Roberts TLS 6 November 2009, article which indicates that lost novel has been discovered).
External links[edit source]
Lynette Roberts at Carcanet Press (includes text of various reviews of the Collected Poems)
'Lynette Roberts - our greatest female war poet ?', BBC Radio 4 - Woman's Hour, 30 March 2006 (Audio archive. Accessed : 22.03.08)
Patrick McGuinness, 'Rediscovering a Modernist Classic: Lynette Roberts (1909-1995)', Transcript: European internet review of books and writing, no.22
Alan Tucker, Review essay of Collected poems (Carcanet, 2005) in FlashPoint, Spring 2006, Web Issue 8
John Wilkinson, 'The Brain's Tent: Lynette Robert's Collected Poems', (Boston Review, Sept/Oct 2006)

Authority control
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Josh Osho

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 This article includes a list of references, related reading or external links, but its sources remain unclear because it lacks inline citations. Please improve this article by introducing more precise citations. (September 2011) 

Josh Osho

Born
1992 (age 20–21)
South London, England
Genres
Acoustic, Alternative, R&B
Years active
2011–present
Website
joshosho.com
Josh Osho is an English singer-songwriter from South London, who was previously signed to Island Records.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early life
2 Music career
3 Discography 3.1 Studio albums
3.2 Singles 3.2.1 As Lead Artist
3.2.2 As Featured Artist

4 External links

Early life[edit source]
Osho was brought up in South London by his parents Nigerian born father and Irish Nigerian mother. He attended Graveney School in Tooting, South London where he found himself good at English as well as being a keen footballer. He began writing songs from an early age, when one of his mother’s friends threw out a guitar, which he then started to learn. Osho was brought up religiously, accompanying his mother to church twice a week.
After falling out with his parents at the age of 16, Osho became homeless and began dealing drugs from notorious half-way house Ebenezer Hotel. However at 18, he turned his life around, turning his hand to music.
Music career[edit source]
Osho was soon brought to the attention of Island Records and signed in mid-2011. Osho's first single "Redemption Days" was released on 4 September 2011 and featured Ghostface Killah. In December 2011, Osho performed an acoustic cover of Adele's "Someone like You" for SB.TV.
In early 2012, he toured with Rizzle Kicks as their support act. In April 2012, while touring with Emeli Sandé, Osho released his follow-up single "Giants" featuring Childish Gambino. He performed an acoustic version of the song for T4's Freshly Squeezed. In May 2012, after performing "Redemption Days" on Later... with Jools Holland, Osho's music started to become noticed by mainstream media. "Redemption Days" became Record of the Week on BBC Radio 1, BBC Radio 2 and BBC Radio 1Xtra as well as being added to the B List of all three major stations. On 8 June 2012, The Sun reported that Osho was to write a single with Tom Jones after the pair met backstage at the final of The Voice UK. Osho soon confirmed this via Twitter. On 15 June, Osho performed his track "Redemption Days" and a cover of "Too Close" by Alex Clare in Radio 1's Live Lounge. On 22 June Osho performed "Redemption Days" on CBBC programme Friday Download. He played his first headline gig to a sold out Jazz Café, Camden Town on 25 June to coincide with the release day of his album L.I.F.E (Learning Is For Ever). On 1 July 2012, Osho joined Tom Jones on stage at his Hammersmith Apollo gig to perform a surprise duet. On 13 July, Osho supported Jessie J at her Warwick Castle gig. Through summer 2012, Osho played a handful of headline gigs around London before beginning a festival tour including T4 on the Beach, Wireless Festival, T in the Park and V Festival. On 3 September 2012, Osho released an extended play entitled "The John Doe EP". The seven previously unreleased tracks were made available for free, via Soulculture. Later that week, he joined The Script for four dates of their UK Tour, including a night London at O2 Shepherds Bush Empire on 12 September. On 21 September, Osho appeared on the programme 'BBC Four Sessions with Sir Tom Jones', performing a cover the song "Black, Brown & White" by Big Bill Broonzy with Jones and his band. In mid-November 2012, Osho toured with Gabrielle Aplin across England and Wales.
On 13 January 2013, Osho's third single "Imperfections" was added to the BBC Radio 2 A Playlist, peaking at number 40 on the UK Airplay Chart. Osho is set to direct the music video for the song. On 18 February, Osho premiered the music video for "Even in War" from his most recent release "The John Doe EP". As of March 2013, Osho had been dropped by Island Records. On 7 March, Osho played his first gig of 2013, supporting Ne-Yo at Under the Bridge in London. He is currently planning a second album and headline tour.
Discography[edit source]
Studio albums[edit source]

Title
Album details
Peak chart positions
Certifications

UK

L.I.F.E
First studio album
Released: 25 June 2012
Label: Island Records
 88
—
 
Singles[edit source]
As Lead Artist[edit source]

Title
Year
Peak chart positions
Album

UK
IRE

"Redemption Days"
(featuring Ghostface Killah)
2011 89 — L.I.F.E
"Giants"
(featuring Childish Gambino)
2012 — —
As Featured Artist[edit source]

Title
Year
Peak chart positions
Album

US
CAN

"Wonderful"
(Childish Gambino featuring Josh Osho)
2012 — — R O Y A L T Y
"Lose Myself"
(Akala featuring Josh Osho)
2013 — — Banquet of Thieves
External links[edit source]
Official website
Josh Osho on Twitter
Josh Osho on Facebook
Josh Osho's channel on YouTube
Josh Osho on Tumblr


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Peter Knowles

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 This biographical article needs additional citations for verification. Please help by adding reliable sources. Contentious material about living persons that is unsourced or poorly sourced must be removed immediately, especially if potentially libelous or harmful. (April 2009) 
Peter Knowles

Personal information

Full name
Peter Knowles
Date of birth
30 September 1945 (age 67)
Place of birth
Fitzwilliam, Yorkshire, England
Playing position
Forward
Youth career

1961–1962
Wath Wanderers
Senior career*

Years
Team Apps† (Gls)†
1962–1982
Wolverhampton Wanderers 174 (61)
1967
→ Los Angeles Wolves (guest) 12 (3)
1969
→ Kansas City Spurs (guest) 8 (5)
National team

1966–1968
England U23 4 (1)
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only.
 † Appearances (Goals).
 
Peter Knowles (born 30 September 1945 in Fitzwilliam, near Wakefield, Yorkshire) is an English former football player. He spent his career at Wolverhampton Wanderers, where he became a popular player scoring around 101 goals in all competitions. He voluntarily ended his football career in 1970 after he became one of Jehovah's Witnesses.[1] He is the brother of fellow professional footballer Cyril Knowles.[2]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Playing career 1.1 Early career
1.2 Wolverhampton Wanderers
1.3 Retirement
2 References
3 External links

Playing career[edit]
Early career[edit]
Knowles was born into a family which was originally Rugby league-oriented, as his father played for Wakefield Trinity. However, the main sport in the family quickly changed to football as he and his brother, Cyril Knowles, proved to have significant football talent. Peter's talent was spotted by Wath Wanderers, a feeder team which trained youth players primarily for Wolverhampton Wanderers. In 1961, aged 16, Knowles spent a year with the youth outfit, playing under supervision from Wath's coach, Mark Crook. Knowles quickly caught the attention of Wolves, who in 1962 signed the 17-year-old on a six-year contract.
Wolverhampton Wanderers[edit]
The Wolves side he joined was just starting to slip from their position towards the top of English football. Therefore manager Stan Cullis gave him his debut early in the 1963–64 season, in a victory over Leicester City. He scored his first goal a game later, against Bolton in a 2-2 draw.[3]
In the 1964–65 season, Wolves were relegated in last-but-one place. However, it was that season which saw Knowles emerge as a top class footballer. The teenager played with an arrogant swagger, finishing the season with six goals and setting up countless others. Despite his good form for Wolves, he was disappointed at the relegation and asked for a transfer. This request was rejected, allowing Knowles to build upon his success at Wolves. The departure of Stan Cullis, the man who originally gave Knowles his chance, was a factor in his request to leave Molineux. Ronnie Allen took over the job from Cullis.
In the 1965–66 season, it quickly became apparent that Knowles was a notch above just about everyone else playing in the Second Division. Among a handful of goals, he scored two hat-tricks early on in the season against Carlisle United and Derby County, making him the top scorer for the club by some way. His good form was interrupted however, as he endured the first big injury of his career. Despite missing a number of games, he managed to finish the season with 19 goals. Frustratingly for Knowles, Wolves did not manage to gain promotion that season, condemning him to another season of Second Division football. He remained at Molineux, and in the 1966–67 season Wolves finished runners-up in the Second Division and achieved promotion to the First Division.
On his return to the First Division, he suffered from injury problems once again, only managing 21 appearances and eight goals. Later on in that season however, Knowles was compensated with a call up to the Under-23 England team.
In a move by FIFA to raise awareness of "soccer" in the United States, a mini-league was held in which various teams from Britain went to America to represent different states. Wolves represented Los Angeles, and Knowles featured in the side as they went on to win their league. The 21-year-old Knowles managed several goals in the tournament.
The 1967–68 season brought about a new strike partner for Knowles, in the form of Derek "The Doog" Dougan. Knowles, now an established performer, performed well in the top flight with Dougan, managing to narrowly avoid relegation. Knowles managed 12 goals during the season, which led to the 22-year-old receiving three more Under-23 international caps. With the 1970 World Cup in Mexico quickly approaching, Knowles sought a move away from Wolves. His request was once again rejected by manager Allen.
In the 1968–69 season, Wolves finished 16th in the table, despite Knowles only managing nine goals. In the summer which followed, Knowles once again travelled to the United States to play in a promotional league. This time, Wolves represented Kansas City. Knowles scored five in the tournament, helping Wolves to its second state-side victory.
Retirement[edit]
Upon his return to Britain, Knowles made an announcement which saw his career take a dramatic and unexpected turn. While in Kansas he became one of Jehovah's Witnesses, and in his own words, "I shall continue playing football for the time being but I have lost my ambition. Though I still do my best on the field I need more time to learn about the Bible and may give up football." Despite this, Wolves got the 1969–70 season off to a great start, winning seven out of their first eight matches. The eighth game of the season, a 3-3 draw against Nottingham Forest, was the last game that Knowles ever played.[4]
Knowles was now retired from football and the dream of winning a full England cap would never be fulfilled. But a succession of Wolves managers held out the hope that Knowles might one day return to the game, and he remained on contract at the club for the next 12 years.[4] In 1982, however, new manager Graham Hawkins conceded that Knowles would never return, and promptly terminated the 36-year-old's contract. 1991 saw folk musician Billy Bragg release a song which many saw as a direct reference to Knowles.[4] The song was called "God's Footballer", from Bragg's album Don't Try This at Home.
Knowles later worked in Marks & Spencer.[4]
References[edit]
1.^ Awake! magazine, 8 November 1979, p.16
2.^ Maul, Rob; "Best & Worst: Peter Knowles, Wolves" TimesOnline.co.uk, 6 September 2009 (Retrieved: 16 September 2009)
3.^ "Peter Knowles". Profile. Football-england.com. Retrieved 5 April 2012.
4.^ a b c d Munro, Frank; "God's footballer plays his final game" Guardian.co.uk, 6 September 2008 (Retrieved: 16 September 2009)
External links[edit]
Old Gold: Peter Knowles TheWolvesSite.co.uk


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Hank Marvin

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 This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page.

 This article's lead section may not adequately summarize key points of its contents.  (September 2011) 

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Hank B. Marvin
Hank cropped.jpg
Hank B. Marvin in 2007
 
Background information

Also known as
Brian Robson Rankin
Born
28 October 1941 (age 71)
Genres
Rock, instrumental rock, rock & roll, gypsy jazz
Occupations
Musician
Instruments
Guitar, banjo, piano
Years active
1956–present
Associated acts
The Shadows, Cliff Richard
Notable instruments
Hank Marvin Signature Stratocaster
Burns "The Marvin" and the "Shadows Custom Elite Guitar"
Hank Brian Marvin (born 28 October 1941) is an English guitarist, best known as the lead guitarist for The Shadows. The group, which primarily performed instrumentals, was formed as a backing band for vocalist Cliff Richard.[1] Marvin has a distinctive guitar sound and appearance, primarily using a clean sound with distinctive echo and vibrato giving a dreamy effect.[2]

Contents
  [hide] 1 Personal life 1.1 Guitarist
1.2 Influence
1.3 Solo career
2 Early career groups (pre-Shadows/Drifters)
3 UK solo tours
4 Production credits
5 Duets and guest appearances
6 Discography 6.1 Singles
6.2 Studio and live albums
6.3 Compilation albums
7 References

Personal life[edit source]
He was born Brian Robson Rankin on 28 October 1941 in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. As a child, he played the banjo and piano. After he heard one of Buddy Holly's songs, he decided to also learn the guitar.[1]
He chose the name Hank Marvin while launching his music career. The name is an amalgamation of his childhood nickname of Hank, which he used to differentiate himself from a number of friends also named Brian, and Marvin Rainwater, a country and western singer.
When Marvin was 16, he travelled with his Rutherford Grammar School friend Bruce Welch to London, where he met Johnny Foster, Cliff Richard's manager, at The 2i's Coffee Bar in Soho. Foster was looking for a guitarist for Richard's upcoming tour of the UK, and Marvin agreed to join as long as there was also a place for Welch. Foster had actually been looking for guitarist Tony Sheridan at the 2i's, but by chance he encountered Marvin. Marvin and Welch joined The Drifters, as Cliff Richard's group was then known, beginning their careers as professional guitar players.
Marvin met Cliff Richard for the first time at a nearby Soho tailor's shop, where Richard was having a fitting for a pink stage jacket. They had their first rehearsal with him at his parents' home in Cheshunt.
From 1986 Marvin lived in Brigadoon, a hills suburb east of the city of Perth, Western Australia but has since relocated to a luxury apartment in East Perth. He is known to join in onstage briefly on an impromptu basis when musician friends are visiting Perth, such as in February 2013 when Cliff Richard held a concert at Sandalford Winery. He is a devout Jehovah's Witness.[3] Marvin runs a successful recording studio: Nivram studios (part of Sh-Boom studios in Tiverton Street, Perth owned by Trevor Spencer and Gary Taylor).
In the UK, his name is often humorously recognised as cockney rhyming slang for the word "starving".[4] This slang was referenced in a 2012 TV advertisement for Mattesons.[5]
Guitarist[edit source]

 

 Hank Marvin and Jean-Pierre Danel, 2007
 

 Cliff Richard and the Shadows 2009
Marvin played and owned the first Fender Stratocaster in the UK. In 2009, to mark The Shadows 50th anniversary, the original Stratocaster was reproduced by Fender's Custom Shop in California.[citation needed]
Influence[edit source]
Marvin influenced many guitarists, including Brian May, Mark Knopfler,[6] Peter Frampton,[7] Steve Howe,[8] Roy Wood,[9] Tony Iommi,[10] Pete Townshend,[11] Ritchie Blackmore and Jeff Beck.[12]
In Canada, Cliff Richard and the Shadows met with success, especially 1961–1965 when they enjoyed several top 10 hits. Canadian guitarists Randy Bachman[13] and Neil Young have credited Marvin's guitar work as influential.[14]
Solo career[edit source]
As well as playing with The Shadows, Hank Marvin has had a successful solo career. He has been willing to experiment with styles and material, doing some purely instrumental albums, some with only vocals (e.g. "All Alone With Friends"), one with only acoustic guitars and one with a guitar orchestra ("The Hank Marvin Guitar Syndicate"). In 1970, Marvin and Welch formed Marvin, Welch & Farrar, a vocal harmony trio which failed to appeal to many Shadows fans or to contemporary music fans. They reverted to being The Shadows in 1973, for the Rockin' with Curly Leads album.
As a writer, Marvin was solely responsible for "Driftin'", "Geronimo", "Spider Juice" (his daughter's name for orange juice), "I want you to Want Me" for The Shadows, and "The Day I Met Marie". As co-writer with Bruce Welch, Brian Bennett, and John Rostill, he wrote other hits, mainly for Cliff Richard, including "Summer Holiday", "I Could Easily Fall in Love with You" and "In the Country".
In 1988, Marvin collaborated with French keyboardist and composer Jean Michel Jarre on the track "London Kid", which appeared on Jarre's "Revolutions" album and took a guest role in the Frenchman's giant Destination Docklands concert at the Royal Victoria Dock. Jarre stated that the Shadows' success had a huge influence on him and his decision to devote the majority of his career to instrumental music.
In 1992, Duane Eddy guested on Marvin's album Into the Light on the track "Pipeline".
Marvin and the Shadows reformed for a 2004 Final Tour, which was successful and a 2005 European tour was also organised.
Marvin dueted twice with French award-winning guitarist Jean-Pierre Danel, on his 2007 and 2010 albums, both Top 10 hits and certified gold. Their two singles hit the iTunes charts in France, Norway, Finland and Germany. Marvin also participated to one of his DVDs and wrote the foreword for Danel's book about the Fender Stratocaster.
While his Shadows colleagues Bruce Welch and Brian Bennett accepted the honour of an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) in the 2004 Queen's Birthday Honours List for services to music, Marvin declined, citing "personal reasons".[15]
Early career groups (pre-Shadows/Drifters)[edit source]
1956 – Riverside Skiffle group → Crescent City Skiffle GroupMarvin (banjo), John Tate (guitar), Derek Johnson (guitar), Joe Rankin (bass), Mal Malarky (mandolin), and Howard Muir (wb)
1956–1957 – The Railroaders (#1)Marvin (guitar), Welch (guitar), George Williams (guitar), Jim (drums)
1956–1957 – The Railroaders (#2)Marvin (guitar), Welch (guitar), Eddie Silver (guitar), George Williams (bass), and Jim ? (drums)
1958 – The Vipers (aka The Vipers Skiffle group)live concert
Wally Whyton (vocals), Johnny Booker (guitar), Hank Marvin (guitar), J. Harris (bass), and Johnny Pilgrim (wb)
1958 – The Five Chesternuts7" single – ("Jean Dorothy" on Columbia)
Gerry Hurst (vocals), Marvin (guitar), Welch (guitar), Neil Johnson (bass), and Pete Chester (drums)
UK solo tours[edit source]
1994 – w/Brian Bennett (drums), Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass)
1995 – w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass)
1997 – w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass)
1998 – w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass)
2002 – w/Ben Marvin (guitar), Warren Bennett (guitar/keyboards), Mark Griffiths (bass)
Production credits[edit source]
Spaghetti Junction Work's Nice – If you can get it/Step right Up Columbia DB 8935
Des O'Connor – Another Side Des O'Connor – LP – NSPL 18559.
Flair – Stop look & listen – LP – MLP 15611.
Flair – Fair – LP – CC 227324
Flair – Fair play – LP – CC 327224
Duets and guest appearances[edit source]
1972: Spaghetti Junction Work's Nice – If you can get it/Step right Up Columbia DB 8935
1976: Evita: guitar on "Buenos Aires"
1977: Dennis Waterman Waterman album (also features Brian Bennett)
1977: Roger Daltrey One of The Boys album – guitar on "Parade" and "Leon"
1978: Des O'Connor Another Side of Des O'Connor album
1979: Wings Back to the Egg album – "Rockestra Theme" and "So Glad To See You Here"
1982: British Electric Foundation Music of Quality and Distinction volume 1
 guitar on "Anyone Who Had A Heart" with Sandie Shaw and "It's Over" with Billy MacKenzie
1983: Tracey Ullman You Broke My Heart in 17 Places album: guitar on "Move Over Darling" and "You Broke My Heart in 17 Places"
1983: Leo Sayer Have You Ever Been in Love album: guitar on "Don't Wait Until Tomorrow"
1984: Shakin' Stevens "Teardrops" single
1985: Dire Straits plays "Going Home" ("Local Hero's Theme"), with the band, as a special guest at Live at Wembley
1986: Cliff Richard and The Young Ones "Living Doll" (UK charts #1)
1988: Jean Michel Jarre Revolutions guitar on "London Kid" (UK charts #52)
1989: Jean Michel Jarre Destination Docklands: guitar on "London Kid" and "Rendez-Vous IV"
1995: Alan Jones A Shadow in Time album: guest on title track "A Shadow In Time"
1998: Jane McDonald "You're My World" single
2005: Richard Hawley "I'm Absolutely Hank Marvin", b-side of "Coles Corner" single
2007: Peter Frampton "Fingerprints" album: guitar on My Cup of Tea (also features Brian Bennett)
2007 Jean-Pierre Danel "Nivram" (French Charts No. 15, #8 Norway, No. 86 Germany) + Blues jam session on DVD
2008 Jason Donovan "Let It Be Me" on Dreamboats and Petticoats album
2008 Le QuecumBar Patrons "Stars of Gypsy Swing" ("Coquette", "Noto Swing")
2010 Jean-Pierre Danel "M Appeal" (Norwegian charts No. 7, Finland #99)
In addition to the above, Marvin also plays guitar on the following tracks of library music recorded for Bruton Music:
"Fighter Plane" (with Alan Hawkshaw) on Top of the Range
"Conquest of Space" (with Alan Hawkshaw) on Grandiose Impressive Panoramic
"Human Desert" (with Alan Hawkshaw) on Human Desert
Discography[edit source]
See also: The Shadows discography
Singles[edit source]
(V) – Vocal

Year
A-side
B-side
UK Singles Chart[16]
Notes
1968 London's Not Too Far (V) Running Out of World (V) (The Shadows)
–
 Columbia DB 8326
1969 Goodnight Dick Wahine
–
 Columbia DB 8552
1969 Sunday For Seven Days Sacha
–
 Columbia DB 8601
1969 Throw Down A Line (V) Reflections
#7
 Columbia DB 8615 (Cliff and Hank)
1969 Slaughter on 10th Avenue (The Shadows) Midnight Cowboy
–
 Columbia DB 8628
1970 The Joy of Living (V) Leave My Woman Alone (V) Boogatoo
#25
 Columbia DB 8657 (Cliff and Hank)
1970 Break Another Dawn Would You Believe It (V)
–
 (Unreleased, promo only)
1970 Break Another Dawn Morning Star
–
 Columbia DB 8693
1970 Morning Star Evening Comes
–
 (Australia and New Zealand only)
1977 Flamingo Syndicated
–
 EMI 2744 (Hank Marvin Guitar Syndicate)
1981 Sacha / Sunday For Seven Days Morning Star / Evening Comes
–
 (New Zealand only) Hank Marvin EP
1982 Don't Talk (V) Life Line (V)
#49
 Polydor POSP420
1982 The Trouble With Me Is You (remix) (V) Captain Zlogg
–
 Polydor POSP479
1983 The Hawk and the Dove (V) Janine
–
 Polydor POSP581
1983 Invisible Man (V) All Alone With Friends
–
 Polydor POSP618
1986 Living Doll 
#1
 (Cliff Richard and The Young Ones featuring Hank B. Marvin)
1989 London Kid 
#52
 (Jean-Michel Jarre featuring Hank Marvin)
1992 We Are The Champions (with Brian May) Moontalk / Into The Light (CD)
#66
 Polydor PO 229
1993 Wonderful Land (with Mark Knopfler) Hot Rox (CD) / Nivram
–
 Polydor PO297
Studio and live albums[edit source]
1969 Hank Marvin No. 14
1977 Hank Marvin Guitar Syndicate (no chart position)
1982 Words and Music No. 66
1983 All alone with friends (no chart position)
1992 Into the light No. 18
1993 Heartbeat No. 17
1995 Hank plays Cliff No. 33
1996 Hank plays Holly No. 34
1997 Hank plays Live No. 71
1997 Plays the music of Andrew Lloyd Webber No. 41
2000 Marvin at the Movies No. 17
2002 Guitar Player No. 10
2007 Guitar Man No. 6
2013 Django's Castle
Compilation albums[edit source]
1987 Would You Believe It...Plus (reissue of 1969 LP with bonus tracks)
1994 The Best of Hank Marvin & The Shadows No. 19
1995 Handpicked (no chart position)
1997 The Very Best of Hank Marvin & The Shadows The First 40 Years No. 56
1998 Another Side of Hank Marvin (no chart position)
2001 The Singles Collection 'The 80's & 90's' Hank Marvin & The Shadows (no chart position)
2004 Shadowing The Hits (no chart position)
2004 Guitar Ballads (no chart position)
2007 Hank Marvin & The Shadows Play The 60's (no chart position)
2008 The Solid Gold Collection (no chart position)
References[edit source]
1.^ a b Hank Marvin – Guitar God
2.^ The London Gazette: no. 42885. p. 197. 4 January 1963. Retrieved 17 June 2009.
3.^ http://www.independent.co.uk/life-style/specs-god-and-rocknroll-1273453.html
4.^ "H". London Slang. 4 May 2010. Retrieved 31 December 2011.
5.^ "'Hank Marvin' stars in new Mattessons advert | MusicRadar". Beta.musicradar.com. 21 June 2012. Retrieved 2012-12-17.
6.^ Balmer, Paul (2007). The Fender Stratocaster Handbook: How to Buy, Maintain, Set Up, Troubleshoot, and Modify Your Strat. MBI Publishing. p. 7. ISBN 0760329834. "Hank Marvin had a huge influence on guitarists such as Brian May of Queen, Mark Knopfler of Dire Straits..."
7.^ Whitaker, Sterling C. (2003). Unsung Heroes of Rock Guitar. Booksurge. p. 111. ISBN 1591097584.
8.^ Prown, Pete; Sharken, Lisa (2003). Hal Leonard. pp. 63, 66. ISBN 1617745014 http://books.google.com/books?id=vqQjuzPrqIwC&pg=PA63. Missing or empty |title= (help)
9.^ Marten, Neville; Giltrap, Gordon (2010). The Hofner Guitar: A History (2 ed.). Hal Leonard. p. 40. ISBN 1423462742.
10.^ Gulla, Bob (2009). Guitar Gods: The 25 Players Who Made Rock History. ABC-CLIO. pp. 133–134. ISBN 0313358060.
11.^ Giuliano, Geoffrey (2002). Behind Blue Eyes: The Life of Pete Townshend. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 16. ISBN 0815410700.
12.^ Clayson, Alan (2002). The Yardbirds: The Band That Launched Eric Clapton, Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page. Hal Leonard. p. 46. ISBN 0879307242.
13.^ Bachman, Randy (2012). Randy Bachman's Vinyl Tap Stories. Penguin. p. 155. ISBN 0143185772.
14.^ Gulla 2009, p. 237
15.^ Actor Hurt leads Queen's honours, — BBC News Online
16.^ Roberts, David (2006). British Hit Singles & Albums (19th ed.). London: Guinness World Records Limited. p. 264. ISBN 1-904994-10-5.

[hide]
­v·
 ­t·
 ­e
 
The Shadows

 
Hank Marvin· Bruce Welch· Brian Bennett Mark Griffiths· Jet Harris· Tony Meehan· Brian 'Licorice' Locking· Warren Bennett· John Rostill· John Farrar· Alan Tarney· Alan Jones· Alan Hawkshaw The Drifters: Ian Samwell· Terry Smart· Ken Pavey· Norman Mitham 
 
Studio albums
The Shadows· Out of the Shadows· Dance with The Shadows· The Sound of The Shadows· Shadow Music· Jigsaw· From Hank, Bruce, Brian and John· Shades of Rock· Rockin' with Curly Leads· Specs Appeal· Tasty· String of Hits· Change of Address· Hits Right Up Your Street· Life in the Jungle· XXV· Guardian Angel· Moonlight Shadows· Simply Shadows· Steppin' to the Shadows· At Their Very Best· Reflection 
 
Singles
The Drifters: Feelin Fine· Jet Black· The Shadows: Saturday Dance· Apache· Man of Mystery / The Stranger· FBI· The Frightened City· Kon-Tiki· The Savage· Wonderful Land· Guitar Tango· Dance On!· Foot Tapper· Atlantis· Shindig· Geronimo· Theme for Young Lovers· The Rise and Fall of Flingle Bunt· Rhythm and Greens· Genie With the Light Brown Lamp· Mary Anne· Stingray· Don't Make My Baby Blue· The War Lord· I Met a Girl· A Place in the Sun· The Dreams I Dream· Maroc 7· Tomorrow's Cancelled· Bombay Duck· Somewhere· Running out of World· Dear Old Mrs. Bell· Slaughter on Tenth Avenue· Turn Around and Touch Me· Let Me Be the One· Run Billy Run· It'll Be Me Babe· Another Night· Love Deluxe· Don't Cry for Me Argentina· Theme from the Deer Hunter (Cavatina)· Rodrigo's Guitar Concerto· Riders in the Sky· Heart of Glass· Equinoxe (Part V)· "Mozart Forte"· The Third Man· Telstar· Imagine/Woman· Treat Me Nice 
 
Compilations
Greatest Hits· Greatest Hits, Vol. 2· More Hits!· Something Else· Mustang· Rarities· 20 Golden Greats· The Best of The Shadows· String of Hits· Another String of Hits· Life in the Jungle· Dance With the Shadows· The EP Collection, Vol 1.· Shadow Music· In The Night· 20 Years of The Shadows· Final Collection 
 
Production
Norrie Paramor· Malcolm Addey· Peter Vince· Abbey Road Studios 
 
Related articles
Discography· Discography with Cliff Richard· Concert tours· Cliff Richard 
 
Wikipedia book Book:The Shadows 
 

Authority control
­VIAF: 46949250
 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Leopold Engleitner

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Leopold Engleitner
Leopold Engleitner.png
Leopold Engleitner being interviewed during "Unbroken Will"
 
Born
23 July 1905
Aigen-Voglhub, Austria
Died
21 April 2013 (aged 107)
Occupation
Farmhand, Roadman, Holocaust lecturer
Known for
Known for World's oldest known male concentration camp survivor, and survivor of the Buchenwald, Niederhagen and Ravensbrück concentration camps
Leopold Engleitner (July 23, 1905 – April 21, 2013)[1] was a Holocaust survivor and conscientious objector who spoke publicly on his experiences with students. He is the subject of the documentary Unbroken Will.[2] Before his death, Engleitner was the oldest survivor of the concentration camps Buchenwald, Niederhagen and Ravensbrück. He was the world's oldest known male concentration camp survivor, and the oldest male Austrian.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early life
2 Time spent in prison from 1934 to 1938
3 Concentration camps
4 Time served in prisons, concentration camps and doing forced labor during Nazi persecution
5 Post-war period
6 Books, films and documentaries
7 Rehabilitation and recognition
8 References
9 Sources
10 External links

Early life[edit source]
Born in Aigen-Voglhub, Austria, Engleiter grew up in the Austrian imperial city of Bad Ischl. He studied the Bible intensively in the 1930s and became baptized as one of Jehovah's Witnesses in 1932. During the period prior to World War II he faced religious intolerance, even persecution from his immediate surrounding and the Austrian authorities, first by the fascist regime of Dollfuss and then under Nazi Germany.
Time spent in prison from 1934 to 1938[edit source]
Spring of 1934 – 48 hours in Bad Ischl prison
Winter of 1934/35 – 48 hours in Bad Ischl prison
5 January 1936 to 30 March 1936 – imprisonment in St. Gilgen and Salzburg
19 September 1937 to 14 October 1937 – detained in Bad Aussee prison
When Adolf Hitler occupied Austria in 1938, Leopold Engleitner's religion, ideologies, and his conscientious objection to serving in the Army came into conflict with those of the Nazis.
Concentration camps[edit source]
On the 4 April 1939 he was arrested in Bad Ischl by the Gestapo and taken to Linz and Wels for remand. From the 9 October 1939 till 15 July 1943 he was imprisoned in the concentration camps Buchenwald, Niederhagen and Ravensbrueck. In Niederhagen he rejected a proposal to renounce his beliefs, even though that would have led to his release. Despite brutal and inhumane treatment his will – to stand for fair principles and to refuse the military service – was unbroken.
In July 1943 - weighing only 28 kilograms (62 lb) - he was released from the concentration camp under the condition that he would agree to be a lifelong slave laborer on a farm.
After his return home, he worked on a farm in St. Wolfgang. Three weeks before the war was over, on the 17 April 1945, he received his enlistment to the German army, whereupon he fled to the mountains of Salzkammergut. He hid there in an alpine cabin and in a cave and was hunted by the Nazis, but was never found.
On the 5 May 1945, Engleitner was finally able to return home, and he continued working on the farm in St. Wolfgang as a slave laborer. When in 1946 he tried to leave the farm, his request was rejected by the labor bureau of Bad Ischl with the argument his slave labor duty from the Nazi occupation was still valid. Only after an intervention of the US occupying power was he released from that duty in April 1946.
Time served in prisons, concentration camps and doing forced labor during Nazi persecution[edit source]
4 April 1939 to 5 October 1939 – prisons in Bad Ischl, Linz and Wels
5 October 1939 to 9 October 1939 – deportation to concentration camp (prisons in Salzburg and Munich)
9 October 1939 to 7 March 1941 – Buchenwald concentration camp
7 March 1941 to April 1943 – Niederhagen concentration camp in Wewelsburg
April 1943 to 15 July 1943 – Ravensbrück concentration camp
22 July 1943 to 10 April 1945 – forced labor on a farm
17 April 1945 to 5 May 1945 – flight to the mountains after being called up to the German army
Post-war period[edit source]
In the years after the war, Leopold Engleitner continued to face isolation and intolerance, and only after the author and film producer Bernhard Rammerstorfer documented his life in 1999 in the book and documentary film Nein statt Ja und Amen, did the larger public become aware of him. Engleitner and Rammerstorfer held lectures at universities, schools and memorials in Germany, Italy, Austria, Switzerland and the U.S..
In 2004 the book and the film were translated into an English version, called Unbroken Will, and were presented in the US with a tour including the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, D.C., Columbia University in New York and the Simon Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles.
In 2006, Engleitner and Rammerstorfer made a second tour through the United States. They gave lectures in Washington, D.C., (at Georgetown University and Library of Congress), New York (at Columbia University), Chicago (at Harold Washington College), Skokie (for the Holocaust Memorial Foundation of Illinois), Palo Alto, in the San Francisco Bay area (Stanford University) and Los Angeles (at the Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust).
The locations of their third 2009 U.S. speaking tour were the following: Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Florida Holocaust Museum, St. Petersburg, Florida; Palladium Theater at St. Petersburg College, Florida; Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust, California; University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); Moorpark College, California; Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, California.
Though already far advanced in years, between 1999 and 2012 he travelled with his biographer and friend Bernhard Rammerstorfer more than 95,000 miles across Europe and the USA to schools, memorial sites, and universities as a witness of history to ensure the past is not forgotten, and he has become a model of tolerance and peace.
In 2008, 2009, and 2011, he introduced his biography at the Frankfurt Book Fair, the world’s largest book fair. In 2009, he presented the Russian translation of his biography in Moscow.
Books, films and documentaries[edit source]
In 2012, Bernhard Rammerstorfer produced with A. Ferenc Gutai the documentary film "LADDER in the LIONS' DEN - Freedom Is a Choice, Nazi Concentration Camp Survivor Leopold Engleitner: A 107-Year-Old Eyewitness Tells His Story."
The U.S.premiere took place at Laemmle's Town Center 5 Theatre in Encino, Los Angeles County, in November 2012 with Leopold Engleitner present.
The German version "LEITER in der LÖWENGRUBE" was released in Austria in March 2013.
In April 2013, the film was awarded "Best Documentary Short" by the Fallbrook International Film Festival 2013, of Fallbrook, California, and "Best Short Documentary" by the Rincòn International Film Festival 2013, of Rincòn, Puerto Rico.
The English translation of the German book Nein statt Ja und Amen (1999) was published in 2004 in the USA, entitled Unbroken Will.
In 2005 Rammerstorfer released a new German biography and DVD Nein statt Ja und Amen – 100 Jahre ungebrochener Wille. The book also contains a short biography of the German conscientious objector Joachim Escher. Eschers was detained between 1937 and 1945 in several different prisons and in the concentration camps Sachsenhausen, Niederhagen and Buchenwald. In KZ Buchenwald he was servant to the former French government members Georges Mandel and Léon Blum, who the Germans kept as hostages.
Engleitner is also the subject of Rammerstorfer's educational DVD Unbroken Will which contains the full documentary plus films of special events relating to Engleitner's awareness-raising activities from 1999 to 2004 as well as material on the Holocaust for the use in schools in English, German, Italian, and Spanish.
In 2006, Rammerstorfer produced the documentary Unbroken Will Captivates the United States relating to the 2004 U.S. tour which was premiered at the Laemmle's Music Hall 3 Theatre in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles.
Rammerstorfer produced also the documentary Unbroken Will USA Tour relating to the 2006 U.S. tour which was premiered in the U.S. at the Laemmle's Sunset 5 Theatre in West Hollywood, in 2009.
The French version of the book entitled Une volonté de fer was released in 2007.
In 2008 Rammerstorfer released a new version of the German book, entitled "Ungebrochener Wille", which Engleitner and Rammerstorfer presented at Frankfurt Book Fair 2008 in Germany, the world's largest book fair.
In 2009, the new English book Unbroken Will: The Extraordinary Courage of an Ordinary Man-The Story of Nazi Concentration Camp Survivor Leopold Engleitner, born 1905 based on the latest German version was released at Harvard University.
The Austrian president, Heinz Fischer, described in his foreword the book as "a milestone in the correspondence about the horror of Nazism." Brewster Chamberlin, director of archives at the U. S. Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington DC from 1986 to 1997, wrote a preface. Further prefaces were written by the founder of the Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service Andreas Maislinger, Franz Jägerstätter and Leopold Engleitner, and Walter Manoschek, from the University of Vienna, "No more War!"
The Russian translation of the book Unbroken Will (Несломленная воля) was released in Russia in 2009. Engleitner and Rammerstorfer presented the book in Moscow at the Central Journalist House and at the book store "BIBLIO-GLOBUS" in September 2009.
In May 2009, the songwriters Mark David Smith and Rex Salas from California have written the song "Unbroken Will" for Leopold Engleitner. On May 22, 2009, Leopold Engleitner was presented the song during an event at Moorpark College. The singer Phillip Ingram interprets "Unbroken Will". The song is available for download on the website www.unbrokenwill.com as well as the lyrics.
Rehabilitation and recognition[edit source]
Once a persecuted concentration camp laborer and outlawed conscientious objector he had been honored in May 2007 from the Republic of Austria and the Federal Republic of Germany for his courageous stand during the Nazi regime and for his tremendous awareness-raising activities with:
The Golden Order of Merit of the Republic of Austria from Austrian President Dr. Heinz Fischer.
The Cross of Merit on ribbon of the Federal Republic of Germany (Knight's Cross) from German President Dr. Horst Köhler
In 2003, he was awarded the "Silver Order of Merit of the Province of Upper Austria" by the Upper Austrian governor Josef Pühringer.
He was also awarded the Elfriede Grünberg Prize in 2006 by Antifa, an anti-Faschist Initiative in Austria.
In 2008, he was presented with the "Ring of Honor of the Town of Bad Ischl" by the municipal authorities in Bad Ischl, the town Engleitner grew up in.
In 2009, he received the "Badge of Honor of the Town of St. Wolfgang" by his home municipality St. Wolfgang.
References[edit source]
1.^ "Oldest surviving Nazi concentration camp survivor dead at 107". 2 May 2013. Retrieved 2 May 2013.
2.^ Valencia, Milton J. (5 May 2009). "Holocaust survivor, 103, tells students of resisting Nazis - The Boston Globe". The Boston Globe. Retrieved 20 May 2010.
Sources[edit source]
Book Unbroken Will: The Extraordinary Courage of an Ordinary Man-The Story of Nazi Concentration Camp Survivor Leopold Engleitner, born 1905 (Austria, 2009)
Educational DVD Unbroken Will (USA, 2004)
DVD Unbroken Will Captivates the United States (USA, 2006)
DVD Unbroken Will USA Tour (USA, 2009)
"Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi Regime: 1933-1945" by Hans Hesse, Edition Temmen, 2003, ISBN 3-86108-750-2, ISBN 978-3-86108-750-2
"Though Weak, I Am Powerful" as told by Leopold Engleitner, The Watchtower, May 1, 2005, page 23-28
"For Jehovah in the concentration camp - Engleitner", DiePresse.com, May 8, 2010, online, in German
"107-Year-Old Holocaust Survivor Dies", Encino-Tarzana Patch [1]
External links[edit source]
Web site of Leopold Engleitner
News about his tour in 2006 on YouTube

Authority control
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Categories: Austrian Jehovah's Witnesses
Nazi concentration camp survivors
Austrian centenarians
1905 births
2013 deaths
Austrian conscientious objectors
Austrian Christian pacifists
Buchenwald concentration camp survivors
Ravensbrück concentration camp survivors
Niederhagen concentration camp survivors
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
People from Salzburg-Umgebung District
People from Bad Ischl






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Johann Nobis

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 Birthplace of Johann Nobis
Johann Nobis (born April 16, 1899 in St. Georgen bei Salzburg; died January 6, 1940 at Plötzensee Prison) was an Austrian conscientious objector.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Life
2 Stolpersteine
3 Further reading
4 References

Life[edit source]
Johann Nobis was born to a farmer in the Holzhausen municipality St. Georgen bei Salzburg. As one of Jehovah's Witnesses, he refused to take the oath of alliegiance to Adolf Hitler. He was arrested and sentenced to death due to decrease of defence power by the Reich's court-martial on November 23, 1939.
He was imprisoned at Plötzensee Prison on December 20, 1939, where he was executed on January 6, 1940. On the day of his execution, five other Jehovah's Witnesses from Salzburg were executed as well.
His farewell letter to his mother is archived at the DÖW, donated by Gertrud Feichtinger-Nobis.
Stolpersteine[edit source]

 

 Nobis' "Stolperstein"
On July 19, 1997 the artist Gunter Demnig installed two stolpersteine for Johann Nobis and his brother Matthias Nobis in front of their birth house in Sankt Georgen bei Salzburg at the invitation of Andreas Maislinger.[1] Gunter Demnig was a guest of the Arts Initiative KNIE in Oberndorf bei Salzburg. He has installed over 20,000 stolpersteine for victims of the National Socialist regime. In the nearby Sankt Radegund a Stolperstein for the beatified Franz Jägerstätter was set up in 2006.
Further reading[edit source]
Zuchthauskataster Berlin-Plötzensee (DÖW 3133).
Letter from Gertraud Nobis to Dr. Andreas Maislinger, November 11, 1986.
'Widerstand und Verfolgung in Salzburg 1934-1945', page 325, pages 339-341, DÖW (ed.)
'Denn es steht geschrieben: "Du sollst nicht töten!"', page 406; Marcus Herrberger, Verlag Österreich
References[edit source]
1.^ "Stoplersteine zur mahnenden Erinnerung" Jehova's Witness press release. (July 17, 1997) (German)


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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Categories: Austrian Jehovah's Witnesses
People from Salzburg-Umgebung District
1940 deaths
Austrian conscientious objectors
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El General

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This article is about the Panamanian reggae en español artist. For the Tunisian rapper, see El Général.

El General

Birth name
Edgardo Franco
Also known as
El General
Born
March 10, 1964 (age 48)
Panama City
Origin
Panama Flag of Panama.svg
Genres
Reggae en Español, Reggaeton, Raggamuffin
Occupations
Singer
Years active
1990-2004
Labels
RCA, BMG, Sony Music
El General (born Edgardo Franco) is a Panamanian Reggae artist considered by some to be one of the Fathers of Reggaeton. During the early 1990s, he initiated the Spanish spoken dancehall that would later become reggaeton. Early examples of this were the international and somewhat mainstream songs, “Te Ves Buena” and “Tu Pum Pum.” Both songs, performed in Spanish rap, were very successful in North America. After getting his foot in the door of the commercial market, many other Spanish rappers became famous in the mainstream as well, such as Vico C and DJ Negro.[1] He has a unique, easy to listen to style of dance music and has produced many well known songs all over Latin America. His musical works have become popular in Latin America over the last few years. This style is called Reggae en Español which would later form Reggaeton, because he makes reggae music with Spanish lyrics.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early history
2 Later career
3 Retirement
4 Discography
5 References

Early history[edit source]
El General began singing and composing songs at the age of 12 in Rio Abajo, his home. After getting a scholarship, the young artist moved to the U.S. to study business administration, soon becoming a professional accountant. He started his career when he was 19 years old, and during 17 years, his albums achieved gold status 32 times and platinum 17 times, and several other awards. El General's type of music from Panama was something much different from the reggae of Jamaica. The popular music in Panama was called petroleo.[2]
Songs like "Muevelo" (1991), "Tu Pum Pum" (1988), "Rica y Apretadita", and "Te Ves Buena" are among his greatest hits In 1992, El General received the an MTV award for best Latin video with the great success of "Muevelo" produced by Pablo "Pabanor" Ortiz & Erick "More" Morillo.[3] In 1993, El General won the Rap Artist of the Year Award at the Lo Nuestro Awards.[4]
His breakout performance came in 1994, when he was featured on the song Robi-Rob's Boriqua Anthem Part 2 from C+C Music Factory's the "Anything Goes" album.
Later career[edit source]
In 2004, he announced his retirement from the music industry after an incident with the government of Panama because of the cancellation of his diplomatic passport. However, he alleged he would dedicate more time to his career as a producer and entrepreneur.
Retirement[edit source]
He is currently dedicated to his foundation Niños Pobres Sin Fronteras (Poor Children Without Borders) in Panama City hosting a program of his own called Sal, Azúcar, Miel y Canela (Salt, Sugar, Honey and Cinnamon) at Radio Kids.
In 2007, he became a member of the Jehovah's Witnesses, to which his grandmother also is a member. Now he spends his time teaching others about the Bible.[5]
Discography[edit source]
La Ficha Clave (2004)
"To' Rap-Eao" (2003)
El General The Hits (2003)
Move it Up (2003)
"General De Fiesta" (2002)
IS BACK (2001)
Back to the Original (2001)
Serie 2000: El General (2000)
Colección Original: El General (1998)
Grandes Exitoss (1998)
Rapa Pan Pan (1997)
Clubb 555 (1995)
Es Mundial (1994)
El Poder de El General (1992)
Muevelo Con El General(1991)
Estas Buena (1990)
No Me Va a Matar (1990)
References[edit source]
[6][7][8]
1.^ Santos, Mayra. 1996. "Puerto Rican Underground." Centro 8, no. 1 & 2: 219-231.
2.^ Marshall, Wayne. 2008. "Música Negra to Reggaeton Latino:The Cultural Politics of Nation, Migration, and Commercialization." 10
3.^ EL GENERAL BIOGRAPHY - Reggaeton Fever
4.^ "Lo Nuestro 1993 – Historia". Univision (in Spanish). Univision Communications, Inc. 1993. Retrieved January 3, 2013.
5.^ http://www.telemetro.com/videos.html?mediaid=530691
6.^ Santos, Mayra. 1996. "Puerto Rican Underground." Centro 8, no. 1 & 2: 219-231.
7.^ Marshall, Wayne. 2008. "Música Negra to Reggaeton Latino:The Cultural Politics of Nation, Migration, and Commercialization." 10
8.^ EL GENERAL BIOGRAPHY - Reggaeton Fever


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Categories: Panamanian reggaeton artists
Living people
Panamanian singers
Panamanian songwriters
Panamanian Jehovah's Witnesses
1964 births



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Ioan Sabău

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Ioan Ovidiu Sabău

Personal information

Full name
Ioan Ovidiu Sabău
Date of birth
12 February 1968 (age 45)
Place of birth
Câmpia-Turzii, Romania
Height
1.83 m (6 ft 0 in)
Playing position
Midfielder
Senior career*

Years
Team Apps† (Gls)†
1985–1988
Universitatea Cluj 61 (7)
1988
ASA Târgu Mureş 12 (2)
1988–1990
Dinamo Bucureşti 49 (8)
1990–1992
Feyenoord 39 (11)
1992–1996
Brescia Calcio 99 (10)
1996–1997
Reggiana 19 (1)
1997–1998
Brescia Calcio 7 (1)
1998–2000
Rapid Bucureşti 43 (2)
2000–2001
Universitatea Cluj 20 (9)
2001–2003
Rapid Bucureşti 35 (1)
2004–2005
Gaz Metan Mediaş 1 (0)
Total
 385 (52)
National team

1988–1999
Romania 52 (8)
Teams managed

2003
Universitatea Cluj
2003–2005
Gaz Metan Mediaş
2005–2009
Gloria Bistriţa
2009–2010
Politehnica Timişoara
2010–2011
FCM Târgu Mureş
2012
FCM Târgu Mureş
2012
Rapid București
* Senior club appearances and goals counted for the domestic league only.
 † Appearances (Goals).
 
Ioan Ovidiu Sabău (born 12 February 1968) is a former Romanian football midfielder, who was born in Câmpia-Turzii and debuted in Divizia A with U Cluj in 1986.
He later won the league title with Dinamo Bucureşti in 1990, before he played several seasons in the Netherlands and Italy. Upon returning to Romania he went to Rapid Bucureşti, where he won two league titles (1999, 2003) and one cup title (2002).
Sabău made his debut for the national team in 1988 against Israel. He was in the squad for the 1990 World Cup and Euro 1996. After a two-year absence from the national team he returned to play five matches in 1999.
In November 2001, he made another comeback to the Romanian national team, playing in both legs of their 2002 World Cup play-off defeat by Slovenia.
He was considered an important member of the Golden Generation of Romanian football, despite missing out the 1994 FIFA World Cup, where Romania reached the quarter-finals, due to injury.
He is a member of the Jehovah's Witnesses Association of Romania.[1]

Contents
  [hide] 1 As a manager
2 Honours
3 Notes
4 External links

As a manager[edit source]
Sabău started his coaching career in 2003 with FC Universitatea Cluj and Gaz Metan Mediaş before taking over Gloria Bistriţa in the summer of 2005. During his time at Gloria Bistrița, he showed a good eye for young players such as Gabriel Mureşan or László Sepsi. Highlights include a sixth place finish at the end of the 2006-07 season of Liga I and a 2-1 home victory over Atlético Madrid the following season, in the now-defunct UEFA Intertoto Cup.
Sabău was resigned at the end of the 2008-09 season and was very close to taking over Dinamo, but eventually signed for league runners-up FC Timişoara. The team produced the main shock of the 2009–10 UEFA Champions League qualifying rounds by eliminating UEFA Cup holders FC Shakhtar Donetsk in the third round.
In the summer of 2012, Sabău signed a contract with Rapid Bucureşti, but after some poor results, he was sacked in October the same year.[2]
Honours[edit source]
Dinamo BucurestiRomanian League: 1989–90
Romanian Cup: 1989–90
FeyenoordDutch Cup: 1990-91, 1991–92
Dutch Super Cup: 1991
BresciaAnglo-Italian Cup: 1993-94
Rapid BucurestiRomanian League: 1998-99, 2002–03
Romanian Cup: 2001-02
Notes[edit source]
1.^ (Romanian) Daniel Conțescu "Iehovistul Sabău le-a arătat calea: 'Timișoara va câștiga titlul. După două înfrângeri, Dorinel va fi înjurat'" ("Jehovah's Witness Sabău Shows Them the Way: 'Timişoara Will Win the Title. After Two Defeats, Dorinel Will be Cussed Out'"), Evenimentul ZIlei, 17 March 2011; accessed 17 March 2011
2.^ Mulţumim, Ioan Ovidiu Sabău! Marian Rada, noul antrenor al Rapidului
External links[edit source]

Portal icon Romanian football portal
RomanianSoccer.ro
Ioan Sabău at National-Football-Teams.com

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Minos Kokkinakis

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Minos Kokkinakis (25 February 1909[1], Sitia, Crete – 28 January 1999 Sitia) was a Greek member of Jehovah's Witnesses. He is most notable for his repeated clashes with Greece's ban on proselytism.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early life
2 Imprisonment
3 1986 imprisonment
4 European court case
5 External links

Early life[edit]
A shopkeeper by trade, Kokkinakis originally was a Greek Orthodox Christian but joined Jehovah's Witnesses in 1936.
Imprisonment[edit]
In 1938 he was the first Witness in Greece to be arrested for violating the law against proselytism which the government of dictator Ioannis Metaxas had just enacted under pressure from the Greek Orthodox Church.
After his 1938 arrest, further short sentences followed in 1939 and 1940. During World War II, Kokkinakis was incarcerated in the military prison in Athens for more than 18 months. He was again sentenced in 1947 and 1949, when he was exiled to the notorious prison island of Makronisos, where torture was widespread. He was among forty Witnesses in a prison housing 14,000. After surviving the hardships of Makronisos, Kokkinakis was repeatedly arrested in the 1950s and 1960s for proselytism, one of hundreds of Witnesses to be imprisoned on such charges. All in all, he would be arrested more than sixty times, tried 18 times and spend a combined total of six and a half years in prison.
1986 imprisonment[edit]
In March 1986, when Kokkinakis and his wife Elissavet visited a home in Sitia on Crete, where they apparently tried to convert a woman whose husband was the cantor at a local Orthodox church. He informed the police, who arrested the couple. They were charged with proselytism and sentenced in the criminal court of Lasithi to four months' imprisonment. The court declared the defendants had intruded "on the religious beliefs of Orthodox Christians ... by taking advantage of their inexperience, their low intellect and their naivete." The Crete Court of Appeal later acquitted Elissavet but upheld her husband's conviction, although it reduced his prison sentence to three months.
European court case[edit]
Main article: Kokkinakis v. Greece
Kokkinakis persisted in his challenge to the ruling and after the Greek Supreme Court dismissed his appeal in April 1988 he took his case to the European Court. The petition was eventually accepted in February 1992 and the case was heard the following November in his presence. One of the nine judges declared Kokkinakis had been convicted "only for having shown such zeal, without any impropriety on his part."
In May 1993, the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg ruled his right to religious freedom had been violated and awarded him damages of three and a half million drachmas. "Fifty years of persecution were worth going through if only for this historic moment", Kokkinakis said. The landmark judgement was frequently cited in similar cases of proselytism in Greece, leading to acquittals not just of Witnesses but of Pentecostal Christians and Buddhists.[citation needed]
See also: Religion in Greece
External links[edit]
Felix Corley (Wednesday 10 March 1999). "Obituary: Minos Kokkinakis". The Independent.


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Categories: 1909 births
1999 deaths
People from Lasithi
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Bohumil Müller

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Bohumil Müller (1915–1987) was a religious leader of Jehovah's Witnesses in Czechoslovakia during World War II and the communist period, when their activities were banned by the Nazis and later by the communists. He spent fourteen years in concentration camps and communist prisons.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Early life
2 Nazi period
3 Communist period
4 References

Early life[edit source]
Müller was born June 30, 1915 in the town of Zbiroh, in Central Bohemia, some 30 miles west of Prague. His parents were both Czech. He came from a religious family. His father, Tomáš Müller, was a leading member of the Unity of Brethren church, but the family converted to become Jehovah’s Witnesses in 1931. Bohumil was 16 at the time and learning to be a typesetter while his brother, Karel, was learning bookbinding.
Young Bohumil became very active in his faith and shortly after he started working in the main office of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Prague. He progressed very quickly within their organization, gaining greater responsibility. The Witnesses at that time used two legal corporations to facilitate their religious activities. In 1936, at the age of 21, Müller was elected a director of the International Bible Students Association, Czechoslovak Branch, and the vice-director of the Watch Tower Bible and Tract Society, Czechoslovak Branch.
Müller was called to report for military service on October 1, 1937. He later wrote: “My conscience, however, told me that God does not want his servants to ‘learn war’ (Isaiah 2: 4).” Consequently he refused to serve and was arrested, becoming the first person imprisoned in Czechoslovakia for his Christian beliefs as a conscientious objector. Between October 1937 and the end of March 1939, he had been arrested four times, serving several months in prison each time.
Nazi period[edit source]
On April 1, 1939, Müller was released from prison after serving his fourth term. Meanwhile, two weeks before, on March 15, 1939, Nazi German forces had invaded and occupied all of Bohemia and Moravia. Müller reported back to his office and found many were fleeing Czechoslovakia before the Gestapo could arrest them. He too obtained a passport and was preparing to leave when word reached him asking him to stay and to prepare and coordinate the underground activities of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Czechoslovakia. He accepted and took on the responsibility of providing leadership during extraordinarily difficult times.
In 1941, Müller was caught and arrested after which he was sent to Mauthausen concentration camp. Years later he wrote of his time in the camp. The Witnesses could have been released if they would only sign a form renouncing their faith. The SS tried different tactics to get them to sign, but very few did. After describing various unspeakable tortures he underwent in the course of his four years there, he said: “Towards the end of 1944 Himmler’s special deputy, SS-Hauptsturmbannfüher Kramer, came from Berlin to try and persuade us to sign with various promises and smooth talk. When he met with the decisively adverse attitude of the Witnesses, repressions against us started. We were distributed into blocks so that nowhere would two brothers [Witnesses] live together. The camp commander published an order that kapos and Blockälteste block elders were to watch us so that we would not go out of the blocks, and the other prisoners were allowed by a special command to kill us whenever they would see two of us together.” Still he survived and was released when the camp was liberated.
Communist period[edit source]
Müller was one of the first Witnesses to return home. He began the process of trying to reestablish contact with Witnesses both inside Czechoslovakia and outside. Once communication with the outside was established, Müller was appointed coordinator for the Jehovah’s Witnesses in Czechoslovakia in November 1945.
Thus began a three-year period of relative peace for the Witnesses in Czechoslovakia. After the end of Nazi occupation and before the full imposition of communism they were granted their freedom and took full advantage of it. However, on November 28, 1948, officials of the State Security showed up at the Witnesses’ office in Prague and arrested Müller and the rest of the office staff, and confiscated their building. However, in July 1949 the State Court stopped the criminal proceedings due to lack of evidence and released them. But as they were leaving the court they were arrested again and informed of a decision by the Communist Political Commission that they were to be sent to a labor camp for two years. Müller was sent to Kladno where he worked in a coal mine.
Suddenly, early in 1950 all Jehovah’s Witnesses were released from labor camps and they experienced a brief reprieve from their persecution. Then in the early morning hours of February 4, 1952, in a major crackdown, Müller and 108 other Witnesses were arrested. For the next fourteen months, Müller was not allowed out of solitary confinement without a blindfold and subjected to long interrogations. Then on March 27 and 28, 1953, a show trial was held. The Communist Party newspaper Rudé Právo (The Red Law) of March 30, 1953, reported on the results. Under a dateline of Prague, March 29, (CTK) it said: “On trial were the leading members of a religious sect whose adherents call themselves Jehovah’s Witnesses. This organization, directed in Brooklyn, USA, and which has been banned in our country since 1949 for its destructive tendencies, has smuggled into Czechoslovakia cosmopolitan ideologies which under the veil of pure Christianity are designed to undermine the morale of our working masses.” Müller was sentenced to eighteen years imprisonment; others were given lesser sentences.
In May 1960, he and the others were freed as part of a large-scale amnesty for political prisoners. He continued to direct the activities of the Jehovah’s Witnesses in Czechoslovakia until his death on November 7, 1987.
References[edit source]
1972 Yearbook of Jehovah’s Witnesses. Brooklyn: Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, 1971.
2000 Yearbook of Jehovah’s Witnesses. Brooklyn: Watchtower Bible & Tract Society of New York, 2000
Adamy, Herbert – Bauer, Zdenek – Sobička, Eduard – Vodička, Karel: Fialové trojúhelníky. Zapomenutá kapitola holocaustu. Praha 2000.
Bauer, Zdenek: Antisemitsky laděné útoky namířené proti svědkům Jehovovým a mimořádný lidový soud s Karl Eichlerem. In: Poválečná justice a národní podoby antisemitismu. Praha – Opava 2002, pp. 204–222.
Bauer, Zdenek: Heftlinci s fialovým trojúhelníkem. In: Národní osvobození 2003, December.
Bauer, Zdenek: Tisk a kolportáž Biblí a náboženských tiskovin badatelů Bible. Preprint. Praha 2005–2006. In: http://www.kolportaz.cz
Hesse, Hans, ed.: Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah’s Witnesses During the Nazi-Regime 1933-1945. Bremen: Edition Temmen, 2001.
Müller, Bohumil: Z mých vzpomínek. Typescript, 1987.
Müller, Lubomír and Wolfram Slupina: Verfolgung und Unterdrückung der Zeugen Jehovas in der Tsechoslowakei. (Persecution and Suppression of Jehovah’s Witnesses in Czechoslovakia). Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte Contemporary Church History. 17 (1/2004): 171-221.
Müller, Lubomír: Bitvy beze zbraní 1990-2000. Praha, 2000.
The Process with the Subversive Sect of ‘Jehovah’s Witnesses.’ Rudé Právo, 30 March 1953.


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

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Maher Shalal Hash Baz

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For other uses, see Maher-shalal-hash-baz (disambiguation).
Maher Shalal Hash Baz is the artistic alter ego of Tori Kudo, a Japanese naivist composer and musician. The name is taken from Maher-shalal-hash-baz in the Book of Isaiah verses 8:1 and 8:3, and translates roughly as "Hurrying to the spoil, he has made haste to the plunder." Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz is also mentioned in the Book of Mormon in verses 2 Ne 18:1 and 18:3.
Tori Kudo has been cagy about details of his life before MSHB. He was once a member of a shadowy, revolutionary[citation needed] political party in Japan, although he has dissociated himself from politics since joining the Jehovah's Witnesses. He also works as a ceramicist.
He claims to have played classical and jazz piano, as well as playing organ in a Protestant church. His other musical influences included T.Rex and saxophonist Steve Lacy. He and his wife Reiko Kudo joined a band called Worst Noise when they moved to Tokyo; other members dropped out, leaving Tori and Reiko as a duo, known simply as Noise. Under this name they released an album called Tenno (English translation - Emperor).
The impetus for Maher Shalal Hash Baz came when Tori met euphonium player Hiroo Nakazaki on a building site, and found that they shared an interest in the music of Mayo Thompson and Syd Barrett. Apart from the core trio (Tori on guitar and vocals, Reiko as vocalist, Hiroo with his euphonium), the lineup has always been fluid.
After a couple of self-released cassette albums, the Japanese Org label released Maher Goes To Gothic Country (1991) and the 83-track box set Return Visit to Rock Mass (1996).
The group's profile outside Japan became much higher when Stephen McRobbie of The Pastels signed them to his Geographic label. They have released two albums on Geographic: the compilation From a Summer to Another Summer (An Egypt to Another Egypt) (2000) and the 41-track Blues Du Jour (2003); plus a number of EPs on various labels, including 'Souvenir De Mauve' (Majikick, 1999), 'Maher On Water' (Geographic, 2002), 'Faux Depart' (Yik Yak, 2003) and Live Aoiheya January 2003 (Chapter Music, 2005).
Tori Kudo has resisted defining the sound of his band, although in an interview with Tim Footman in Careless Talk Costs Lives magazine (August 2002) he declared "I am punk." There are also elements of folk, psychedelia and free jazz; the band's tendency to ask members of the audience to join in adds a sense of danger in live performance. Perhaps the best description comes from his own sleevenotes to From a Summer to Another Summer: "Error in performance dominates MSHB cassette which is like our imperfect life."
Discography[edit]
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "Maher Goes to Gothic Country" (Org; 1991)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "Return Visit to Rock Mass" (Org; 1996; 83 Track Box-Set)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "Souvenir De Mauve" (Majikick; 1999; EP)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "From a Summer to Another Summer (An Egypt to Another Egypt)" (Geographic; 2000; 2-LP)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz / The Curtains - "Make Us Two Crayons on the Floor" (Yik Yak; 2000; CD)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "Maher on Water" (Geographic; 2002; 10-inch / Cd-Single)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "Blues Du Jour" (Geographic; 2003; CD / LP)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "Open Field" (Geographic; 2003; CD-Single)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "Faux Depart" (Yik Yak, 2004)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "Ethiopia" (life affair trust music, 2004; cdr single)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "These Songs" (incerta, 2004; cdr)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "Live Aoiheya January 2003" (Chapter Music; 2005; Mini-CD)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "Maher Kunitachi Kibun Live 1984-85" (PSF; 2006; CD)
Bill Wells & Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "How's Your Bassoon, Turquirs" (Geographic; 2006; 7-inch)
Bill Wells & Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "Osaka Bridge" (Karaoke Kalk; 2006; CD / LP)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "L'Autre Cap" (K; 2007; CD / LP)
Bill Wells & Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "Gok" (Geographic; 2009; CD)
Maher Shalal Hash Baz - "C'est La Dernière Chanson" (K; 2009; 2-CD)
External links[edit]
K Records Artist page
MSHB Domino Recording Company page
Geographic Music
MSHB at discogs.com
MSHB at Acetone Magazine (English-Spanish)


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Categories: Japanese musicians
Japanese Jehovah's Witnesses
Living people



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Damo Suzuki

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Damo Suzuki

Birth name
Kenji Suzuki
Born
16 January 1950 (age 63)
Origin
Japan
Genres
Krautrock
Occupations
Vocalist
Musician
Instruments
Guitar
Vocals
Years active
1970-1974, 1983-present
Associated acts
Can
Websitehttp://www.damosuzuki.de/
Kenji Suzuki (鈴木健二 Suzuki Kenji?, born 16 January 1950, in Japan), universally known as Damo Suzuki (ダモ鈴木), is a singer best known for his membership in the German krautrock group, Can.

Contents
  [hide] 1 Biography
2 Discography
3 References
4 External links

Biography[edit source]
As a teenager, Suzuki spent the late 1960s wandering around Europe, often busking.[1]
When Malcolm Mooney left Can after recording their first album Monster Movie, Holger Czukay and Jaki Liebezeit encountered Suzuki busking in Munich, Germany whilst the two were sitting outside at a street café, they invited him to join the group. And he did, performing with them that evening.[2]
Suzuki was with Can from 1970 to 1973, recording a number of well-regarded albums such as Tago Mago, Future Days and Ege Bamyasi. Suzuki's first vocal performance with Can was "Don't Turn the Light On, Leave Me Alone" from Soundtracks[3] His freeform, often improvised lyrics, sung in no particular language[2] gelled with Can's rolling, psychedelic sound.
Suzuki converted to the Jehovah's Witness[2] faith when he married his German girlfriend, who was also a Jehovah's Witness, after the release of the album Future Days, and retired from music in 1974.
He returned to music in 1983, and currently leads what is known as Damo Suzuki's Network - as he tours, he performs live improvisational music with various local musicians (so-called "Sound Carriers" [4]) from around the world, thus building up a 'network' of musicians with whom he collaborates. As far as more recent recorded material is concerned, Damo is featured on Canadian underground hip hop producer Sixtoo's album, Chewing on Glass & Other Miracle Cures (Ninja Tune, 2004).
Among the musicians in his live shows have been Michael Karoli and Jaki Liebezeit of Can, Mani Neumeier of Guru Guru, Dustin Donaldson of I Am Spoonbender, "Random" Jon Poole of The Wildhearts / The Ginger Wildheart Band / The Cardiacs, Cul De Sac, Passierzettel, The Early Years, The Bees, Do Make Say Think, Broken Social Scene, Airiel, Acid Mothers Temple, The Holy Soul, Steve Dinsdale, The Sandells, Tay Zonday, the Omar Rodriguez-Lopez Quintet (with whom he has recorded the 2007 EP Please Heat This Eventually), The Skull Defekts, AIDS Wolf, Radio Massacre International, Edmondo Ammendola and Dave Williams of Augie March, Gordon J Watson & Simon Doling of Terminal Cheesecake, Jonny Williams, Stephen McBean from Black Mountain, the members of Pond & Tame Impala, Helena Espvall of Espers, The Prestidigitators, Gary Jeff of God, Calamalka, Karl Asa of J>A>W>, Hamish Black, tynder, Neočekivana Sila Koja Se Iznenada Pojavljuje i Rešava Stvar, The Dream Machine All-Stars, AK/DK, Ann Shenton of Add N to (X) and many, many others.[4]
Suzuki has been recognised by name by at least two different bands. The Fall's 1985 album This Nation's Saving Grace features a song "I Am Damo Suzuki," inspired by and dedicated to the singer.[5] The rock band The Mooney Suzuki takes its name from Damo Suzuki and Can's earlier vocalist Malcolm Mooney.[6]
Discography[edit source]
Damo Suzuki is present on the following albums:
Can Soundtracks 1970
Can Tago Mago 1971
Can Ege Bamyasi 1972
Can Future Days 1973
Can Unlimited Edition 1976 (compilation)
Dunkelziffer In The Night 1984
Dunkelziffer III 1986
Dunkelziffer Live 1985 1997
Damo Suzuki's Network Tokyo On Air West 30.04.97 1997
Damo Suzuki's Network Tokyo On Air West 02.05.97 1997
Damo Suzuki's Network Osaka Muse Hall 04.05.97 1997
Damo Suzuki Band V.E.R.N.I.S.S.A.G.E. 1998
Damo Suzuki Band P.R.O.M.I.S.E. (7CD Box) 1998
Damo Suzuki's Network Seattle 1999
Damo Suzuki's Network Odyssey 2000
Damo Suzuki's Network JPN ULTD Vol.1 2000
Damo Suzuki's Network Metaphysical Transfer 2001
Damo Suzuki's Network JPN ULTD Vol.2 2002
Cul De Sac / Damo Suzuki Abhayamudra 2004
Sixtoo - Chewing on Glass & Other Miracle Cures 2004
Damo Suzuki's Network Hollyaris 2005 (2CD)
Damo Suzuki's Network 3 Dead People After The Performance 2005
Damo Suzuki and Now The London Evening News 2006 (CD)
Damo Suzuki's network Tutti i colori del silenzio 2006 (CD)
Omar Rodriguez-Lopez & Damo Suzuki Please Heat This Eventually 2007
Safety Magic Voices 2007
Audioscope Music For A Good Home 2010 (CD)
Damo Suzuki & The Holy Soul Dead Man Has No 2nd Chance 2010 (CD)
Damo Suzuki & Cuzo Puedo Ver Tu Mente 2011(CD/LP)
Radio Massacre International "Lost in Transit 4: DAMO" 2010 (CD)
References[edit source]
1.^ All Tomorrow's Parties
2.^ a b c Holger Czukay's official site
3.^ "'Don't Turn the Light on, Leave Me Alone' was Damo's first recording with CAN ever."[1]
4.^ a b A list of Damo's "Sound Carriers"
5.^ 3:AM Magazine interview
6.^ Kludge Magazine interview
External links[edit source]
[2]
Official Site
Interview with Spike Magazine

[hide]
­v·
 ­t·
 ­e
 
Can

 
­Holger Czukay·
 ­Michael Karoli·
 ­Jaki Liebezeit·
 ­Irmin Schmidt
 ­Malcolm Mooney·
 ­Damo Suzuki·
 ­Rosko Gee·
 ­Rebop Kwaku Baah
 
 
Albums
­Monster Movie·
 ­Tago Mago·
 ­Ege Bamyasi·
 ­Future Days·
 ­Soon Over Babaluma·
 ­Landed·
 ­Flow Motion·
 ­Saw Delight·
 ­Out of Reach·
 ­Can·
 ­Rite Time
 
 
Compilations
­Soundtracks·
 ­Unlimited Edition·
 ­Opener·
 ­Cannibalism·
 ­Delay 1968·
 ­Incandescence·
 ­Cannibalism 2·
 ­Anthology·
 ­Cannibalism 3·
 ­Sacrilege·
 ­The Lost Tapes
 
 
Live albums
­The Peel Sessions·
 ­Can Live
 
 
Songs
­"Yoo Doo Right"·
 ­"Mother Sky"·
 ­"Mushroom"·
 ­"Halleluhwah"·
 ­"Peking O"·
 ­"Vitamin C"·
 ­"Spoon"·
 ­"Moonshake"·
 ­"I Want More"
 
 
Related articles
­Discography·
 ­Krautrock·
 ­Spoon Records·
 ­Traffic·
 ­Until the End of the World (Soundtrack)
 
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Categories: 1950 births
Japanese expatriates in Germany
Japanese rock singers
Japanese male singers
Japanese Jehovah's Witnesses
Living people
Japanese buskers
Can (band) members
German rock singers
German male singers



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Rolf Furuli

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
 
Jump to: navigation, search

Rolf Johan Furuli
RolfFuruli-bw.png
Furuli is a lecturer in Semitic languages at the University of Oslo
 
Born
December 19, 1942 (age 70)
Rolf Johan Furuli (born 19 December 1942) was a lecturer[1] in Semitic languages at the University of Oslo until his retirement in 2011. He has translated a number of documents from Semitic languages and Sumerian into Norwegian.[2]
Furuli started his studies of New Babylonian chronology in 1984. He became a magister artium in 1995 and doctor artium in 2005. Based on his studies, Furuli has attempted to defend the religious views of Jehovah's Witnesses—of which Furuli is a member[3]—including their view that Jerusalem was destroyed by the Babylonians in 607 BC rather than the broadly recognised dating of its destruction in 587 BC.[4] In a 2004 issue of Journal for the Study of the Old Testament, Lester L. Grabbe, professor of theology at the University of Hull, said of Furuli's study: "Once again we have an amateur who wants to rewrite scholarship. ... F. shows little evidence of having put his theories to the test with specialists in Mesopotamian astronomy and Persian history."[5]
In 2005, Furuli defended his doctoral thesis suggesting a new understanding of verbal system of Classical Hebrew. In a review of the thesis, professor Elisabeth R. Hayes of Wolfson College, Oxford, wrote: "While not all will agree with Furuli's conclusions regarding the status of the wayyiqtol as an imperfective form, his well-argued thesis contributes towards advancing methodology in Hebrew scholarship."[6]
Alongside Norwegian, English, German ,and French, he is able to read Akkadian, Aramaic, Ge'ez, Hebrew, Phoenician, Syriac, Ugaritic, Sumerian, Latin, and Greek.[citation needed] He has written works about Bible translation and biblical issues.
Writings[edit source]
1995 - Imperfect consecutive and the Verbal system of Biblical Hebrew (thesis, magister artium, University of Oslo)
1997 - The Problem of Induction and the Hebrew verb in Elie Wardini (ed.) Built on solid Rock. ISBN82-7099-283-6
1999 - The Role of Theology and Bias in Bible Translation with a special look at the New World Translation of Jehovah's Witnesses ISBN 0-9659814-4-4
2000 - Modern models and the study of dead languagesMotskrift NTNU, Trondheim pp. 83–86 (in Norwegian)
2001 - The study of new religious movements with a stress on the mental health of Jehovah's Witnesses (with Leon Groenewald and Johan Nerdrum) Tidsskrift for Norsk Psykologforening, 2, pp. 123–128. (In Norwegian)
2001 - Gilgamesh and Atrahasis two Babylonian Heroes (with Jens Braarvig and Tor Åge Bringsværd)
2002 - Science and Bible translation - "Christianizing" and "mythologizing" of the Hebrew text of the Bible ISBN 82-994633-1-9 (In Norwegian and Danish)
2002 - The NWT's translation of the Hebrew verbal system with particular stress on waw consecutive (33 pages), in Tony Byatt and Hal Fleming's (eds) Your Word is Truth—The Fiftieth Anniversary of the New World Translation ISBN 0-9506212-6-9
2003 - Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian, and Persian Chronology Compared with the Chronology of the Bible, Volume 1: Persian Chronology and the Length of the Babylonian Exile of the Jews ISBN 82-994633-3-5[7]
2003 - The book of Enoch - translated from Ge'ez to Norwegian.ISBN 82-525-5177-7
2004 - The Dead Sea Scrolls(translated some documents from Hebrew and Aramaic) ISBN 82-525-5199-8
2005 – The verbal System of Classical Hebrew An Attempt to Distinguish Between Semantic and Pragmatic Factors in L. Ezard and J. Retsø (eds.) Current Issues in the Analysis of Semitic Grammar and Lexicon I pp. 205–31. ISBN 3-447-05268-6
2006 - A New Understanding of the Verbal System of Classical Hebrew - An attempt to distinguish between pragmatic and semantic factors ISBN 82-994633-4-3
2006 – Sumerian Writings (translated some documents from Sumerian into Norwegian) ISBN 82-525-6213-2
2006 - Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian, and Persian Chronology Compared with the Chronology of the Bible, Volume 2: Assyrian, Babylonian and Egyptian Chronology ISBN 978-82-994633-6-2
2007 –The Neo-Babylonian Chronology and the Cuneiform Tablet VAT 4956 in Forschung-Bibel-Artefakte. pp. XIV-XVIII ISBN 78-3-9811529-2-0
2007 - Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian, and Persian Chronology Compared with the Chronology of the Bible, Volume 2: Assyrian, Babylonian and Egyptian Chronology ISBN 978-82-994633-6-2
2008 - Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian, and Persian Chronology Compared with the Chronology of the Bible, Volume 1: Persian Chronology and the Length of the Babylonian Exile of the Jews, revised edition ISBN 82-994633-5-1
2008 - Kebra Nagast (translated from Ge´ez into Norwegian) ISBN 978-82-525-6704-5
2008 – Baal the King of the Gods in Ugarit (translated some documents from Ugaritic, Phoenician, and Hebrew into Norwegian) ISBN 978-82-525-6590-4
2009 - "How do Jehovahs Witnesses think? A Witness describes the faith," in H.K. Ringnes and H.K. Sødal, eds Jehovahs Witnesses An interdisciplinary Study (In Norwegian) ISBN 978-82-15-01453-1
2011 – The Role of Theology and Bias in Bible Translation With a Special Look at the New World Translation of Jehovah’s Witnesses, Second edition ISBN 978-82-92978-02-3
2012 - Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian, and Persian Chronology Compared with the Chronology of the Bible, Volume 1: Persian Chronology and the Length of the Babylonian Exile of the Jews, Second edition ISBN 978-82-92978-03-0
2012 - Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian, and Persian Chronology Compared with the Chronology of the Bible, Volume 2: Assyrian, Babylonian and Egyptian Chronology, Second edition ISBN 978-82-92978-04-7
See also[edit source]
Atra-Hasis
Bible chronology
Book of Enoch
Dead Sea scrolls
Egyptian chronology
Gilgamesh
Hebrew verb conjugation
New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures
Waw-consecutive
Sources[edit source]
1.^ Flemings, Hal (2008-05-07). ISBN 978-1-4343-2803-8 Examining Criticisms of the Bible. AuthorHouse. pp. 89–. ISBN 978-1-4343-2803-8. Retrieved 25 September 2011.
2.^ Sverre Bøe, "The New World Bible Translation of Jehovah's Witnesses" (in Norwegian) Tidsskrift for Teologi of Kirke. Oslo, Norway, 2011, p. 170. Sverre Bøe is professor of theology at Fjellhaug International University College in Oslo.
3.^ "Review of Rolf J. Furuli, The Role of Theology and Bias in Bible Translation". See also Teologisk Tidsskrift, Oslo, Norway 2, 2012, pp. 212-16
4.^ Rolf Furuli. Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian, and Persian Chronology Compared with The Chronology of the Bible—Volume I Persian Chronology and the length of the Babylonian Exile of the Jews, Second edition 2012. Rolf Furuli. Assyrian, Babylonian, Egyptian, and Persian Chronology Compared with The Chronology of the Bible—Volume II Assyrian, Babylonian, and Egyptian Chronology. Second edition 2012.
5.^ Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 28:5 [2004], pp. 42-43
6.^ Review by Elizabeth R. Hayes http://www.thefreelibrary.com/A+New+Understanding+of+the+Verbal+System+of+Classical+Hebrew%3a+an...-a0186861761
7.^ "Books Received". The Journal of the American Oriental Society. 1 October 2003. Retrieved 25 September 2011.


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Categories: 1942 births
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Linguists from Norway
Norwegian translators
Norwegian Jehovah's Witnesses
Semitologists




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